The invention relates to a method for improving the quality of a
proton beam in the interaction of
laser and a target. The method comprises the following steps: 1, pre-pulse
laser being positively incident on the front surface of a
metal target, and heating an irradiated area into
plasma; 2, performing pre-pulse
laser irradiation, the forward laser I21 being used as a main pulse, emitting forwardly on the front surface of the ionized
metal target; 3, irradiating reverse laser I22 from a target back to the back surface of the target in the direction opposite to the forward laser I21; wherein the incident time of the reverse
laser light falls behind the incident time of the forward
laser light by
delta t from the back of the target to the back surface of the target, the value range of deltat is 4-10 fs, the intensity I22 of the reverse
laser light I22 being equal to a I21, and the value range of a being 0.1-0.6; when the reverse laser meets the condition that a is equal to 0.2, and whendelta t is equal to 8fs, forward expansion of
hot electrons on the back of the target can be inhibited by the prime power of the reverse laser, so that the
electron cloud set is distributed at a specific position near the surface of the back of the target, the strength of a sheath
electric field on the back of the target is improved to be optimal, the energy of protons is improved to be optimal,and the
divergence angle of the protons is reduced.