129results about How to "Lower freezing temperature" patented technology

Disclosed are thixotropic compositions that are curable using ultraviolet and visible radiation. In addition, the disclosed compositions are suitable for applying to glass substrates, polycarbonate substrates, non-metal substrates, and fiber substrates, such as, but not limited to, paper product and natural fiber fabrics. Methods are disclosed for applying the compositions to glass substrates, polycarbonate substrates, non-metal substrates, and fiber substrates, or at least a portion of the glass substrates, polycarbonate substrates, non-metal substrates, and fiber substrates, and curing the applied composition to obtain partially or fully cured compositions. Furthermore, articles of manufacture incorporating fully cured compositions are disclosed; such articles of manufacture are resistant to water, including retention of structural integrity, print and brightness upon prolonged exposure to water and/or air.

The instant application provides apparatus and methods for the generation of gas, preferably chlorine dioxide. The methods and apparatus of the invention use a removable reaction chamber for the reaction of precursor chemicals, e.g., chlorite salt and an acid. The methods and compositions of the invention provide gas for a number of personal and commercial applications.

Disclosed are thixotropic compositions that are curable using ultraviolet and visible radiation. In addition, methods of applying the compositions to fiber substrates such as paper are described, as are methods of curing the coated products. Partially or fully water-resistant articles made using these compositions, such as snow melting mats, windshield protectors, and freezer defrosting sheets are also disclosed.

The invention discloses a terpolymer composite petroleum pour point depressant and a method for preparing the same, wherein the pour point depressant is formed by the random copolymerization of maleic anhydride monomer, 2-methacrylate and carboxylic acid ethylene ester, and the weight average molecular weight is between 10, 000 and 90, 000g/mol. The invention also discloses a terpolymer composite petroleum pour point depressant composite which consists of the following components in weight percentage: 55 t0 92 percent of the terpolymer composite petroleum pour point depressant and 8 to 45 percent of surfactant. The pour point depressant and the pour point depressant composite have the advantages of obviously improving the low-temperature rheological property of crude oil, improving the quality and efficiency of operations such as crude oil exploitation, collection-transfer, storage and the like, widening the cutting width of fraction during the crude oil refining and lowering the energy consumption of pipe transportation.

The present invention provides systems and methods for transferring heat using a variable composition organic heat transfer fluid that remains liquid over a wide operating temperature range useful for solar heating applications. Variable composition heat transfer fluids of the present invention comprise a miscible mixture, optionally a completely miscible mixture, of a high boiling point component selected for its beneficial high temperature physical properties, and a low freezing point component selected for its beneficial low temperature physical properties. In some embodiments, the low freezing point component is removed from the heat transfer fluid as the heat transfer fluid is heated, for example by being removed in the vapor phase, thereby selectively varying the composition and physical properties (e.g., vapor pressure, boiling point, etc.) of the heat transfer fluid as a function of temperature.

The invention relates to a continuous casting crystallizer covering slag for high-carbon steel. The continuous casting crystallizer covering slag comprises the following components in percentages by weight: 22.90-37.0% of SiO2, 22.5-27.0% of CaO, 4.35-5.0% of MgO, 1.8-6.0% of Al2O3, 2.2-3.0% of Fe2O3, 9.0-12.0% of Na2O, 5.2-6.0% of F, 6.5-9.0% of C, not more than 2.0% of K2O, not more than 1.9% of Li2O, and the balance of water and impurities. According to the continuous casting crystallizer covering slag for high-carbon steel disclosed by the invention, the using amounts of Na2O and CaF2 are properly reduced, K2O and Li2O fluxing is added, and the slag not only has proper physicochemical performance but also has good glass property and lubricating property, so that the quality and yield of casting blanks are greatly improved, and the covering slag has high economic benefit and social benefit.

The invention discloses modified asphalt for a road and a preparation method. The modified asphalt contains the following components: asphalt, SBS, polybutylene terephthalate, carbon powder, attapulgite clay, epoxy resin, waste rubber, polypropylene fibers, cellulose ether, nano titanium dioxide, sodium chloride, sodium silicate, filler, a compatilizer and a softener. The preparation method comprises the following steps: firstly, preparing pasty attapulgite clay; weighing asphalt and adding the same into a reaction tank; raising the temperature till the asphalt is in a dissolved flowable state; adding a polymer component, the cellulose ether, the compatilizer and the softener into the reaction tank to stir and mix to react for 2-4h; then adding the residual components into the mixture; then placing the mixture into a mixer to be mixed for 2-4h; and cooling the mixture to obtain the modified asphalt. The modified asphalt not only has the characteristics of better cold resistance, crack resistance, aging resistance and high strength, but also has a certain snow-melting and anti-freezing property, and greatly improves the using safety of an asphalt pavement.

The invention provides a material and a structure of a crust-hitting hammer head for an aluminum reduction cell and a casting technique thereof. The hammer head is prepared from rare earth high-chromium cast iron, and comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 1.5-2.5 percent of carbon, 0.5-1.5 percent of silicon, 0.20-1.5 percent of manganese, 25.0-35.0 percent of chromium, less than 0.05 percent of phosphorus, less than 0.05 percent of sulfur, 0.075-0.10 percent of mixed rare earth, not more than 1 percent of other impurities and the balance of iron. The crust-hitting hammer head has the structure that a steel pipe is cast in a hammer head body, and the front segment of the steel pipe and the hammer head body are cast into a whole, wherein a connection reinforcing hole is arranged at the front segment of the steel pipe; a common part of the middle segment of the steel pipe and the hammer head body forms a segment of hollow cavity; and the part of the steel pipe extending out of the chip body and a crust-hitting rod are sleeved and then fixed together through ring welding and notched welding. The technique adopts a top casting or side casting method. The crust-hitting hammer head has the characteristics of heat resisting property, corrosion resisting property, wear resisting property, light weight, falling prevention, strong technological adaptability, easy production and the like.

The invention relates to a method for screening a polypeptide fragment with antifreeze activity. The method comprises a step of screening amino acid sequences of natural antifreeze protein, antifreeze protein or antifreeze glycoprotein or properly improving amino acid sequences of natural antifreeze protein, antifreeze protein or antifreeze glycoprotein. The invention further relates to antifreeze polypeptide, a bionic antifreeze surface related to the antifreeze polypeptide, a coating containing the antifreeze polypeptide and a preparation method and application of antifreeze polypeptide. The antifreeze polypeptide inherits antifreeze characteristics of the antifreeze protein, has a simple structure, is easy to synthesize on large scale and to produce in batches and exerts better effects compared with the antifreeze protein when used for preparation of the antifreeze surface.

An arrangement for converting thermal energy to mechanical energy in a vehicle (1). A working medium is vaporised by a heat source (3) in the vehicle (1) and is thereafter expanded through a turbine (13) generating mechanical energy. A control unit (31) receives information indicating the vehicle (1) is to be braked and connects the cooling system (21, 39) of the vehicle to the vehicle's power train (2, 5-9) to cool a refrigerant to a low temperature. The control unit (31) receives information that the vehicle (1) requires extra propulsive force and, uses the cooled refrigerant to subject the working medium in the line circuit (10) to a second step of cooling before it is led to the evaporator (12). The condensation temperature of the working medium may thus be lowered and more mechanical energy may be generated in the turbine (13).

The invention discloses a nickel iron based welding wire for a boiler of a 700 DEG C ultra-supercritical power station, and belongs to the field of welding materials of ultra-supercritical power stations. The nickel iron based welding wire is prepared through the following components in percentage by mass: 23-30% of Fe, 19-24% of Cr, 1.8-2.4% of Al, 2.0-2.5% of Ti, 3.0-5.2% of Mo, less than 0.4% of W, not greater than 0.15% of Si, 0.4-0.8% of Mn, 0.04-0.07% of C, 0.001-0.003% of B, not greater than 0.02% of Zr, and the balance Ni, wherein Ti/ Al is not less than 1; the sum of other impure elements is less than 0.1%. According to the nickel iron based welding wire, a weld joint can be microalloyed after welding through TIG (argon tungsten-arc welding), and thus the obtained weld joint meetsthe standard requirement; a weld joint area substrate formed by the nickel iron based welding wire is an austenite (gamma) phase of an irregular surface-core structure; the precipitate reinforcing phase is gamma' (Ni3(Al, Ti)) phase; and carbide phases are distributed among crystals.

The invention discloses a freezing process for a photosensitive resin model. The freezing process includes the following steps that first, freezing pretreatment of the photosensitive resin model is conducted, the photosensitive resin model is put into a model loading device in a freezing mode and loads are applied to the photosensitive resin model; second, the photosensitive resin model is frozen under the following temperature control conditions that the temperature rises to 30 DEG C from an indoor temperature with one hour at first, then the temperature rises to 65 DEG C at the speed of (5-10) DEG C per hour, heat preservation lasts for (1-3) hours according to the size of the photosensitive resin model, and finally the temperature falls to 56 DEG C at the speed of (1-3) DEG C per hour to remove the loads; and third, treatment after freezing of the photosensitive resin model is conducted, the photosensitive resin model is taken out of the model loading device, and the photosensitive resin model is subjected to cutting, polishing and stripe interpretation.

The invention discloses an expandable cryoablation catheter. The catheter includes a catheter body, a sheath tube and a refrigerating device. The refrigerating device is arranged at and connected withthe distal end of the catheter body. The refrigerating device is composed of several refrigerating units. The distal ends of several refrigerating units are independent of each other, and the refrigerating unit can be restored to a set shape when released from the distal end of the sheath tube. The catheter body is movably arranged in a cavity of the sheath tube, the tail end of the catheter bodyis connected and communicated with the near ends of the refrigerating units, and when the catheter body and the sheath tube displace relatively, the distal ends of the refrigerating units displace synchronously relative to the distal end of the sheath tube to achieve expansion or contraction. The catheter can achieve full freezing in the circumferential direction of the natural cavity and also achieve uniform interval freezing in the circumferential direction of the natural cavity, in order to retain the important physiological function of the original cavity. Meanwhile the expansion and contraction stress of the refrigerating units can be reduced, and the influence of expansion and contraction on the shape change of the refrigerating units is reduced.

The present invention relates to a method of soldering a semiconductor chip to a substrate, such as to a capsule in an RF-power transistor, for instance. The semiconductor chip is provided with an adhesion layer consisting of a first material composition. A solderable layer consisting of a second material composition is disposed on this adhesion layer. An antioxidation layer consisting of a third material composition is disposed on said solderable layer. The antioxidation layer is coated with a layer of gold-tin solder. The chip is placed on a solderable capsule surface, via said gold-tin solder. The capsule and chip are exposed to an inert environment to which a reducing gas is delivered and the capsule and chip are subjected to a pressure substantially beneath atmospheric pressure whilst the gold-tin solder is heated to a temperature above its melting point. The gas pressure is increased whilst the gold-tin solder is molten and the temperature is lowered when a predetermined gas pressure is exceeded, so that the gold-tin solder will solidify.

The invention provides an amphiphilic anti-freeze molecule based on silsesquioxane, a preparation method thereof and an anti-icing surface material and belongs to the technical field of anti-icing surface materials. The invention solves the problem of an instable anti-icing effect of an anti-icing surface material in the prior art. The amphiphilic anti-freeze molecule is prepared by combining the silsesquioxane with an anti-freeze protein or an anti-freeze polypeptide. The invention also provides the preparation method of the amphiphilic anti-freeze molecule based on silsesquioxane. The method includes the steps of preparing the silsesquioxane having reactive groups and hydrophobic groups, and performing a coupling reaction to combine the silsesquioxane with an anti-freeze protein or anti-freeze polypeptide to prepare the amphiphilic anti-freeze molecule based on the silsesquioxane. The invention also provides the anti-icing surface material prepared from the amphiphilic anti-freeze molecule based on the silsesquioxane. The anti-icing surface material has the anti-icing characters of both a hydrophobic material and a hydrophilic material, enlarges a temperature window of the anti-icing surface material and is improved in anti-icing performance.

The invention discloses a high-fluidity zinc alloy for die casting. The zinc alloy comprises, by weight, 4.0-5.0% of aluminum, 0.01-0.1% of copper, 0.001-0.05% of magnesium, 0.001-1% of titanium, 0.03% of iron or below, 0.003% of lead or below, 0.002% of cadmium or below and the balance zinc and unavoidable impurities. The zinc alloy for die casting has an excellent flow property and is easy to produce, manufacture and control, the high-fluidity requirement during manufacturing of ultra-thin parts can be met, and a die casting effect of a prepared product is ensured.

The invention discloses a telescopic anti-freezing full-physical crosslinked hydrogel material for a multi-mode flexible sensor and a preparation method thereof. The hydrogel material is an ionic conductor with a full-physical crosslinked structure and comprises a poly-N-hydroxyethyl acrylamide hydrogen bond network and a chitosan ion crosslinked network. N-hydroxyethyl acrylamide, chitosan and aphotoinitiator are taken as raw materials, and ultraviolet radiation curing and saline solution soaking crosslinking are carried out to obtain the poly-N-hydroxyethyl acrylamide hydrogen bond networkand the chitosan ion crosslinking network. The material has super-compressibility, high tensile strength, high toughness, self-restorability, self-healing property, fatigue resistance and mechanical stability, can maintain good mechanical properties and electrical conductivity in a low-temperature environment, and is expected to be applied to the fields of flexible electronics, wearable electronicequipment, tissue engineering, super capacitors, intelligent robots and the like.