The invention relates to a preparation method of a low-alloy high-strength steel plate with low residual stress. The preparation method comprises the following steps: smelting; performing continuous casting; heating; performing rough rolling; performing refined rolling; performing laminar flow cooling; coiling; flattening; straightening; tempering; and performing cross cutting. In the heating step, the heating temperature is more than 1200 DEG C; in the refined rolling step, the final rolling temperature is 800 DEG C to 900 DEG C; in the coiling step, the rolling temperature is 550 DEG C to 650 DEG C; and in the tempering step, the tempering temperature is 550 DEG C to 650 DEG C, and the tempering heat insulation time is 10 minutes to 20 minutes. The method is applied to the steel plate which is prepared from the following chemical components: 0.04 percent to 0.12 percent of C, 0.10 percent to 0.80 percent of Si, 1.3 percent to 2.1 percent of Mn, 0 percent to 0.06 percent of Nb, 0.0 to 0.6 percent of Mo, 0 percent to 0.10 percent of V, 0.02 percent to 0.20 percent of Ti, 0.01 percent to 0.06 percent of Al, less than or equal to 0.003 percent of B, less than or equal to 0.010 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.004 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.008 percent of N, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.