The invention discloses a top charging device of a shaft furnace, which comprises a charging tank, an upper sealing valve arranged on an inlet of the charging tank, a material flow regulating valve arranged on an outlet of the charging tank, a lower sealing valve connected with an outlet of the material flow regulating valve, a bunker connected with a discharging hole of the lower sealing valve, and a distributor connected with an outlet of the bunker, wherein a uniform pressure relief interface is arranged in the charging tank. According to the top charging device of the shaft furnace, the uniform pressure relief interface is connected with a uniform pressure relief device, so that a pressure in the charging tank can be regulated to reach a required value, the charging operation is realized on the bunker or a region above the bunker under the working condition of normal pressure, the smooth charging of the shaft furnace under the working condition of pressure is realized; and the top charging device can carry out charging operation under the working condition of normal pressure. The top charging device of the shaft furnace has the advantages of compact and simple structure, less devices, and lower building cost; and a modular design is adopted, all single devices can be separately maintained, the maintenance time can be greatly saved, and the maintenance cost is lowered.