The invention relates to a method for improving a crude oil recovery ratio in a dolomite reservoir by using microbial flora, wherein the microbial flora include pseudomonas aeruginosa, bacillus cereus, bacillus subtilis, microbacterium sp., escherichia coli, pseudomonas putida and bacillus licheniformis; the microbial flora are compounded according to the ratio, and through expansion culture and fermentation culture, a fermentation liquid of the microbial flora is prepared; the fermentation liquid is mixed with injected water, a nutrient solution is added into the mixed solution, the mixed solution is injected into a dolomite reservoir core, and after the injected microbial flora act on the dolomite reservoir core, crude oil recovery is performed. The microbial flora can increase the core pore diameter, length and porosity, and lowers the crude oil viscosity and oil-water interfacial tension, so as to improve the crude oil recovery ratio of the dolomite reservoir; moreover, the method has the advantages of simple fermentation process, low cost, simple operation, and high input / output ratio, is suitable for large-scale industrial production, and has good application prospects.