72 results about "Molar volume" patented technology

Methods and systems are provided for cooling an object with a cryogen having a critical point defined by a critical-point pressure and a critical-point temperature. A pressure of the cryogen is raised above a pressure value determined to provide the cryogen at a reduced molar volume that prevents vapor lock. Thereafter, the cryogen is placed in thermal communication with the object to increase a temperature of the cryogen along a thermodynamic path that maintains the pressure greater than the critical-point pressure for a duration that the cryogen and object are in thermal communication.

Provided is a positive electrode active material for a lithium ion battery positive electrode material made of lithium-containing nickel-manganese-cobalt composite oxide of a layered structure represented with LiaNixMnyCozO₂ (1.0<a<1.3, 0.8<x+y+z<1.1), wherein, in a region with a molar volume Vm that is estimated from a lattice constant calculated from a (018) plane and a (113) plane in a powder X-ray diffraction pattern using CuK alpha rays as a vertical axis and Co ratio z (molar %) in metal components as a horizontal axis, the relationship thereof is within a range of Vm=21.276-0.0117z as an upper limit and Vm=21.164-0.0122z as a lower limit, and a half value width of both the (018) plane and the (113) plane is 0.200° or less. As a result of studying and defining the relationship of the cobalt (Co) ratio and the lattice constant, which are considered to influence the crystal structure, obtained was a positive electrode active material having high crystallinity, high capacity and high security. By using this material, it is possible to obtain a positive electrode active material for a lithium ion battery that is able to further ensure the characteristics and safety of the lithium ion battery.

A purging system for removing oxygen from a fuel cell system during a shutdown period for the fuel cell system. The purging system includes a separator having an inlet and an outlet; a first exhaust line for communicating a first exhaust gas stream from an outlet of the fuel cell system to the separator inlet during the shutdown period of the fuel cell system; and a second exhaust line for communicating a second exhaust gas stream to an inlet of the fuel cell system for delivering the second exhaust gas stream to the fuel cell system during the shutdown period. The separator removes oxygen from the first exhaust gas stream such that the first stream nitrogen molar volume is lower than the second steam nitrogen molar volume and the first stream oxygen molar volume is higher than the second stream oxygen molar volume.

The invention relates to a high-efficient and circulatory SO2 air absorbent and preparation method. The absorbent is an alkaline ionic liquid comprising dicarboxylate of amine shown by the following chemical formulas, wherein, R1, R2, R3, R5, R6, R7 from the alkyl of C1 - C8 or the replace alkyl or hydrogen (H), R4 from CnH2n-2 or the alkyl of CmH2m or the replace hydroxyl; wherein, n=2-8, m=0-8. The preparation method of the absorbent takes amine and dicarboxylate acid as raw materials and comprises a direct action in solvent or without solvent. The ratio of the absorption capacity of SO2 and absorbent molar volume is as high as 2:1; the SO2 can be desorbed for a plurality of times and can be recycled, and achieves rapid absorption and desorption balance; the desorption ratio is more than 90%.

The invention relates to a high-temperature hydrothermal synthesis method of phosphorus Al-Si SAPO-34, the structural formula of which can be expressed by aR (SixAly Pz) O2, wherein x, y and z are respectively the mole fractions of Si, Al and P, and the template agent R is a nitrogen-containing organic compound of diethylamine and triethylamine or taking the diethylamine and the triethylamine as main material; the synthesis process is as follows: according to the molar volume of a molecular sieve: 0-500H2O, the template agent, silicon source, aluminum source, phosphorus source and water are respectively weighed and taken out; the materials are mixed and fully stirred so as to prepare gel; the gel is crystallized at the temperature of 250-350 DEG C for 0.1 to 12 hours; the gel is filtered after being crystallized completely, and then washed by water and dried while the drying can be implemented at the temperature of 25-120 DEG C. The method of the invention has short crystallization time, high product yield, small synthesis grain, and is simple and suitable for large-scale production and application.

The invention discloses an anesthetic dosage calculation method and an anesthetic dosage calculation system for an anesthesia machine. The method includes steps: using a monitoring device to measure anesthetic gas concentration and mixed gas flow, and using a main controller to record measuring time; using the main controller to calculate gaseous anesthetic dosage Q according to the anesthetic gas concentration, the mixed gas flow and the measuring time; and using the monitoring device to identify anesthetic gas types, and using the main controller to calculate liquid anesthetic dosage Q corresponding to the gaseous anesthetic dosage Q according to a gas molar volume calculation method. Errors caused by manual calculation can be avoided, accuracy and precision of anesthetic dosage calculation results can be improved effectively, and basis is provided for patient safety guaranteeing, operation costing and medical insurance claim.

The present invention discloses application of MIL-100 (Fe) in preparation of phenol through photocatalytic hydroxylation of benzene, and belongs to the field of photocatalytic technologies. MIL-100 (Fe) is a metal-organic framework material containing the Fe element that is high in abundance in the earth crust. According to the present invention, MIL-100 (Fe) is applied for the first time as a photocatalyst to preparation of phenol through hydroxylation of benzene; and the problems of high energy consumption, low selectivity and production of byproducts same in molar volume with the produced phenol in a three-step-method for phenol synthesization in the prior art are solved. The application of MIL-100 (Fe) in preparation of phenol through photocatalytic hydroxylation of benzene is simple in process, low in cost, and capable of meeting the practical production demands, and has a relatively great potential for application.

The invention discloses a preparation method of load-type metal phthalocyanine catalyst, comprising: directly dipping a molecular sieve into phthalocyanine aqueous solution of which the molar volume density is 10-500 mu mol/L; adjusting the pH value to be 10-12; dipping at room temperature; stirring at interval; and centrifuging and drying to prepare the load-type metal phthalocyanine catalyst. The invention discloses an application of the catalyst in removing organic pollutants in water. The load-type metal phthalocyanine catalyst prepared with the invention has simple method, environment protection and low cost, the catalytic activity thereof is far higher than that of unloaded phthalocyanine catalyst, and the reaction condition is moderate and is not limited by waste water pH value. The load-type metal phthalocyanine catalyst does not generate secondary pollution, can be used for oxidation treatment of organic waste water systems and has industrial application prospect.

The invention relates to the field of charring agents, and particularly relates to a high-heat-stability charring agent and a preparation method thereof. The high-heat-stability charring agent is prepared from the following raw materials: cyanuric chloride, an acid-binding agent, a nitrogen-containing compound, ethylenediamine and an organic solvent, wherein the nitrogen-containing compound is one of urea, aqua ammonia and ammonium carbonate; the molar ratio of the cyanuric chloride to the acid-binding agent is 1: (3.0-3.5), the molar ratio of the cyanuric chloride to the ethylenediamine is 1: (1-2), the molar ratio of the nitrogen-containing compound to the ethylenediamine is 1: (4-19), and the molar volume ratio of the cyanuric chloride to the organic solvent is 0.4-0.6 mol/L. The high stability of the high-heat-stability charring agent provided by the invention is significantly increased, molecular chains of an obtained charring agent are uneasily entangled, and the charring agent is high in productivity. The preparation method is simple and practicable, low in cost, high in yield, and less in produced wastes, and the obtained high-heat-stability charring agent has extremely good high heat stability, thereby facilitating the wide application of the high-heat-stability charring agent.

The invention provides polyimide nano-foam and a preparation method thereof .The preparation method includes the following steps that firstly, a diamine compound containing admantyl groups, a diamine compound containing no admantyl group and a dianhydride compound are subjected to a polymerization reaction in a solvent, and a polyamide acid solution is obtained; secondly, a compound with thermal instability and the polyamide acid solution are subjected to uniform dispersion or a polymerization reaction, tape casting, curing and thermal imidization in sequence, and a polyimide film is obtained; thirdly, the polyimide film is subjected to thermal decomposition, and the polyimide nano-foam is obtained .As the admantyl groups are large-size groups, the molar volume of atomic groups is increased, then the dielectric constant of a polyimide matrix is effectively reduced, and accordingly the dielectric constant of the polyimide nano-foam material is reduced; besides, by introducing the admantyl groups, the glass-transition temperature of polyimide is increased, and the thermal stability of the material is improved .Moreover, the polyimide nano-foam has good mechanical properties.

The invention discloses a rhodamine B derivatives-based multi-channel fluorescent probe, a preparation method and application thereof. The chemical formula of the fluorescent probe is C34H34N8O2; thepreparation method includes steps of preparing a compound A by mixing rhodamine B and hydrazine hydrate in accordance with a molar ratio of (0.25-1):1; then preparing a compound B by mixing the compound A and glyoxal in accordance with the molar ratio of (0.25-1):1; dissolving the compound B and diaminomaleonitrile in anhydrous ethanol in accordance with the molar ratio of (0.25-1):1; adding 2-3 drops of glacial acetic acid and preparing the multi-channel fluorescent probe through stirring, refluxing, distillation and separation. The fluorescent probe is applied to detection of trivalent metalion and Hg<2+> ion. Furthermore, the invention has the significant advantage that the fluorescent probe can enhance recognition of Fe<3+>, Cr<3+>, Al<3+> and Hg<2+> fluorescence in identical solventenvironment, with high detection sensitivity.

The cubic equations of state (CEOS) relate pressure, temperature and molar volume of a mixture. The deviation of the physical properties of a mixture from ideality is expressed by the compressibility factor. The compressibility factor is calculated from the CEOS. There is described a solution to the CEOS which provides a continuous solution for compressibility factors over the entire range of operating conditions. This solution avoids the non-unique roots, trivial roots and singularities that are present in the prior art solutions of the CEOS.

The invention belongs to the field of molecular biologic intestinal flora, and specifically relates to normal-temperature storing liquid for an intestinal flora sample as well as a preparation methodand application of the normal-temperature storing liquid. The normal-temperature storing liquid comprises the following components: 0.02-0.1 % by mass of Kathon preservative, 1-10 mM by mole of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid, 5-20 mM by mole of Tris-HCl buffering solution, 2mol/L by mole of lithium chloride, 95% by volume of ethyl alcohol, and 0-3% by volume of sterile water. The storing liquidis applicable to storing and conveying of intestinal flora sample under normal temperature; the sampled intestinal flora sample is soaked in the storing liquid; the stability of the microorganism structure in the sample can be maintained under normal temperature. Therefore, the sample collecting and storing of a subject can be performed in any time; meanwhile, the sample is conveniently conveyedin normal temperature.

A process for producing a diamond substance with a first inner nozzle and a second outer nozzle. In the first step of the process, a first mixture comprised of oxygen and a hydrocarbon gas is formed in the first inner nozzle; such hydrocarbon gas contains from about 1.01 to about 1.1 moles of carbon for each mole of oxygen present in such first mixture, and said first mixture contains at least about 10 volume percent of hydrocarbon gas. In the second step of the process, the first mixture is ignited to produce a flame core. In the third step of the process, a second mixture comprised of hydrogen and oxygen is formed in the outer nozzle; the second mixture is comprised of at least 2 moles of said hydrogen for each mole of said oxygen present in the second mixture; hydrogen gas and oxygen gas comprise at least about 20 molar volume percent of the second mixture; and the second mixture contains up to about 5 volume percent of hydrocarbon gas. In the fourth step of the process, the second mixture is ignited to produce a flame sheath. The flame sheath is disposed around the flame core so that the flame sheath completely surrounds said flame core and completely shields said flame core from the ambient atmosphere, thereby-producing a composite flame; and the composite claim is contacted with a substrate.

The invention relates to a preparation method widely used for preparing a 4, 4', 5, 5'-binaphthyl-tetracarboxylic dianhydride monomer of polyimide materials. The method is as follows: 4-halo-1, 8-anhydride naphthalene and potassium hydroxide which is 4 to 10 times of the molar volume of the 4-halo-1, 8-anhydride naphthalene are added with distilled water and heated for dissolving; then a Pd/C catalyst and a reducer are added, the temperature of a reaction system is controlled in a range between 80 and 120 DEG C and the reflux reaction is carried out for 3 to 40 hours; the Pd/C and impurities are filtered out and then hydrochloric acid or nitric acid is added into the filtrate for acidification so as to lead the pH value of the reaction system to be 1 to 3 and obtain yellow emulsion precipitation; the precipitation is washed by distilled water for 3 to 5 times and then is dried in a vacuum oven for 10 to 20 hours at the temperature of 180 to 200 DEG C so as to obtain yellow powder solids; then DMF is adopted for recrystallization so as to obtain the 4, 4', 5, 5'-binaphthyl-tetracarboxylic dianhydride monomer. The method of the invention is characterized by simple and convenient operation, being practical and having good effect.

The present invention provides a constant volume bomb combustion gas mixing system and a control method. The system comprises gas cylinders of various types of gases, flow controllers, a gas mixer, a vacuum pump, a constant volume bomb, connecting pipes, a control part and a control circuit, wherein the connecting pipes are arranged between the gas cylinders, the flow controllers, the gas mixer, the vacuum pump and the constant volume bomb; the control circuit includes a vacuum pump driving circuit, a flow controller driving circuit, a signal acquisition circuit and a spark plug driving circuit; and the vacuum pump, the flow controllers, a pressure sensor which is arranged on the gas mixer, a micro pressure sensor, a pressure sensor which is arranged on the constant volume bomb, and a spark plug are all connected with the control part through the control circuit so as to be controlled, wherein the micro pressure sensor is arranged on the gas mixer, and the spark plug is arranged on the constant volume bomb. With the control method of the system adopted, precise molar volume ratio control on pre-combustion mixed gases can be realized, complete and controllable pre-combustion can be realized, a reliable environment can be provided for the search of the spray combustion characteristics of a diesel, experimental risk can be deceased, and high practicality can be realized.

The invention relates to a preparing method of ferroferric oxide nanometer particles with good dispersibility. The ferroferric oxide nanometer particles are prepared by steps of: adding ferric chloride and ferrous sulfate having the same molar as the ferric chloride into deionized water under the protection of an inert gas, so that the molar volume concentration of the ferrous sulfate containing ferrous iron and the molar volume concentration of the ferric chloride containing ferric iron are both maintained between 0.01-0.1 mol/L; adding a [BMIN]BF4 ionic liquid in place of a traditional surfactant; mixing uniformly; adding dropwise a sodium hydroxide solution adopted as a precipitator at 70 DEG C to precipitate to obtain a reaction product; washing alternatively with deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol; centrifuging; and drying under vacuum. Raw materials used in the method are easily available, low in cost and short in preparation period. The obtained ferroferric oxide nanometer particles can be used as high-performance catalysts, magnetic materials and electrode materials.

The present invention relates to a liquid composition for the cold preparation of laminate composite materials so as to confer to them, without preliminary sanding or abrasion, a surface state favorable to adhesive bonding with polyurethane type adhesives comprising (a) at least one polar aprotic solvent (TPA); (b) at least one ether (TE) selected from the family of ethers, ether-esters, ether-ketones having: a molar volume less than 200 and preferably less than 160, a molecule devoid of hydroxyl function, and (c) at least one activator (TA) comprising at least one reactive nitrogenous function of the -NH2 and/or -NH- type of molar volume less than 100.

The invention discloses a catalytic synthesis method of a 2-substituted benzofuran compound. The catalytic synthesis method includes the steps of dissolving 2-alkynyl substituted phenol in acetonitrile under normal temperature and normal pressure to obtain an acetonitrile solution of the 2-alkynyl substituted phenol, wherein the molar volume ratio of the 2-alkynyl substituted phenol to the acetonitrile is 1:1mmol/mL; adding cuprous chloride and cesium carbonate to the acetonitrile solution, wherein the molar ratio of each of the cuprous chloride and the cesium carbonate is 5% of that of the 2-alkynyl substituted phenol; stirring the solution at room temperature for 6 hours to generate the 2-substituted benzofuran compound after reaction. The catalytic synthesis method of the 2-substitutedbenzofuran compound has low cost and high yield; the cost of a catalyst required for preparing 1g of the 2-substituted benzofuran compound is reduced by two orders of magnitude as compared with that of existing synthesis methods in which iridium catalysts are used, and the yield is increased to 88.5 to 95.8%.

The invention discloses an N-p Toluenesulfonyl-2-the catalytic synthesis method of substituted indole compound, which includes the following steps: under the condition of normal temp and normal pressure, N-p -Toluenesulfonyl-2-alkynyl-substituted aniline is dissolved in acetonitrile, and the molar volume ratio of N-p -Toluenesulfonyl-2-alkynyl-substituted aniline to acetonitrile is 1.1 mmol/mL togive acetonitrile solution of N-P-Toluenesulfonyl-2-alkynyl-substituted aniline; adding cuprous chloride and cesium carbonate into acetonitrile solution, wherein the molar amounts of the cuprous chloride and the cesium carbonate are respectively 5% of molar amount of N-p -Toluenesulfonyl-2-alkynyl-substituted aniline; thereafter, the mixture is stirred at room temperature for 6 hours, and the reaction is carried out to give N-P-Toluenesulfonyl-2-substituted indole compounds. The synthesis method has low cost and high yield, and the cost of the catalyst for preparing 1g of N-P-Toluenesulfonyl-2-substituted indole compound is reduced by three orders of magnitude compared with the prior synthesis method taking the rhodium catalyst as the catalyst, and the yield is improved to 89.1-97.0%.

The invention provides a multicolor fluorescent material regulated through crystal forms. The general chemical formula of the material is Ca2SiO4:xRe,yM, wherein Re is a rare earth ion Ce<3+> or Eu<2+>, M is a doping agent for regulating the crystal forms, the additive quantity of Re is 0.001<=x<=0.4 by molar volume, and the additive quantity of M is 0.00<=y<=1.0 by molar volume; the Ca2SiO4 fluorescent material with the light-emitting color adjustable and five kinds of the crystal forms of gamma-, beta-, alpha'L-, alpha'H- and alpha- is prepared and synthesized by doping the crystal form regulating agent M, and the fluorescent material can achieve color-adjustable emission of blue light, green light, yellow light and red light in the whole visible light range under excitation of near ultraviolet or blue light. The multicolor fluorescent material regulated through the crystal forms has the advantages that the different crystal forms can be obtained only by doping the crystal form regulating agent, so that the fluorescent material with the different light-emitting colors is prepared; the preparation and synthesis technology is simple, the cost is low, and the potential application prospect on LED illumination and display devices are achieved.

The invention relates to polymer-containing catalysts (e.g., polymer-containing organo-metal catalysts) that may be useful in various applications (e.g., polymerization of macrocyclic oligoesters). Advantages of these catalysts include the improved ability to prepare, store, and handle the catalyst in open air; higher molar volume and molecular weight; and the ability to produce a blend of reactants and a catalyst (e.g., a macrocyclic oligoester and a polymerization catalyst) for subsequent one-step reaction (e.g., polymerization of macrocyclic oligoesters).

The invention discloses a method for preparing basic magnesium carbonate by using a combinative alkali system high-salt heavy-ash mother solution. The method comprises the following steps: (1) dissolving industrial magnesium chloride into a solution with the concentration of 1-1.45mol/L, heating to 80-90 DEG C, and filtering to remove insoluble substances; (2) heating a high-salt heavy-ash mother solution to 50-60 DEG C, keeping the temperature constant, and then filtering to remove calcium ion impurities; (3) adding the filtered high-salt heavy-ash mother solution into the filtered industrial magnesium chloride solution while stirring for fully reacting, and then keeping the temperature of the solution after reaction for 2-3 hours, wherein the molar volume ratio of the added amounts of the high-salt heavy-ash mother solution and the industrial magnesium chloride solution is 1.2-1.5; and (4) filtering a magma solution, washing by using deionized water at the same time, and drying at 120-130 DEG C to obtain a basic magnesium carbonate product. The magnesium oxide content of the basic magnesium carbonate prepared by the method disclosed by the invention is about 41% and can reach an industrial standard.

The invention provides a narcotic dosage calculating method for an anesthetic machine. The narcotic dosage calculating method comprises steps of measuring the concentration of the narcotic gas and the mixed gas flow, and recoding the measuring time; calculating the dosage of the gas narcotic depending on the concentration of the narcotic gas, the mixed gas flow and the measuring time; and recognizing the type of the narcotic gas. A main controller can be used for calculating the dosage of a liquid narcotic corresponding to the dosage of the gas narcotic, based on a method for calculating a molar volume of gas. The narcotic dosage calculating method for an anesthetic machine is advantageous in that a large error caused by manual computation can be reduced.