The invention provides a pickled Chinese cabbage soup base with ottelia alismoides for relieving cough and clearing internal heat. The soup base is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 25-40 parts of pickled Chinese cabbages, 15-20 parts of a main ingredient and 80-100 parts of bone soup, wherein the main ingredient is prepared from the following medicinal materials in parts by weight: 20-40 parts of ottelia alismoides, 10-15 parts of folium sennae, 10-15 parts of spatholobus suberctu, 5-10 parts of feather cockscomb seeds, 5-10 parts of radix ranunculi ternate and 5-10 parts of herba siegesbeckiae. The preparation method comprises the following steps of (1) shredding the pickled Chinese cabbages, conducting dehydration, sterilization, enzyme deactivation and impurity removal, filling a bag with the pickled Chinese cabbage shreds, and sealing the bag; (2) washing the medicinal materials in the main ingredient, removing impurities, conducting baking-frying, grinding and sterilization, filling a bag with the medicinal materials, and sealing the bag; (3) stewing bone soup, cooling the bone soup, filling a bag with the bone soup, and sealing the bag; and (4) sterilizing the pickled Chinese cabbages, main ingredient and bone soup which are filled in the sealed bags with an ultraviolet ray, filling a package bag with the bags, and conducting plastic encapsulation to prepare a finished product. The pickled Chinese cabbage soup base with ottelia alismoides has the effects of clearing heat, relieving cough, clearing internal heat, diminishing inflammation, eliminating phlegm and relieving asthma when being taken for a long time.