The invention discloses a soilless cultivation and disease control method of elm sprouts. The method includes sealing a greenhouse, using mist spray of a 100-mutiple formaldehyde solution to fumigate the greenhouse for 24 hours, ventilating the greenhouse, using the greenhouse after a week, cleaning tools like sprouts plates, seed soaking buckets and strainers with a 0.1% potassium permanganate solution, selecting silver sand as base materials, using the 100-mutiple formaldehyde solution to spray the silver sand and then fumigate the silver sand for 24 hours, washing the silver sand with clean water for 2-3 times, airing the silver sand for 5-7days, soaking selected seeds with warm water with the temperature of 55 DEG C for 10 minutes, wherein consumption of water is 5-10 times that of elm seeds, continuously stirring the warm water until water temperature drops to 20 DEG C and then soaking the seeds for 6 hours, washing the seeds with water for 2-3 times, laying 0.5cm of the silver sand in sterile sprout plates, evenly sowing half a kilo of the elm seeds, laying 0,5cm of the silver sand again, putting the sprout plates in the greenhouse after the sprout plates are filled with the seeds and the silver sand, watering the seeds, from then on, using less water to water the seeds with a watering can for 3-4 times each day to enable the silver sand to keep moist, keeping the temperature at 22-28 DEG C in first three days, keeping the temperature at 20-25 DEG C in 4-5 days, keeping the humidity within 75%-85%, covering a single-layer sunshade net in the 4-5 days, and ventilating the greenhouse for 1-2 times each day until the elm sprouts grow more than 5cm in 7-8 days.