The invention provides a single light-activated nano particle and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of medicine. The single light-activated nano particlecomprises a hollow bismuth selenide nano particle, a phase-change material and a radical initiator, wherein the phase-change material and the radical initiator are loaded in the hollow bismuth selenide nano particle. The single light-activated nano particle is in laser radiation, absorbed light energy is converted to hyperthermia, cancer cells are directly killed, the phase-change material further can be prompted to melt, so that the radical initiator is released and split, generated free radical can cause cell membrane lipid peroxidation, glutathione is consumed, DNA is damaged, and thus thecancer cells are removed further. By detecting in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo anti-cancer function, it is proved that the single light-activated nano particle has superior tumor killing capacity,and efficient photo-thermal and photodynamic combined therapy is realized through the hyperthermia and hyperthermia cascade activated free radical.