Belonging to the technical field of boron carbide grinding, the invention in particular relates to a production process and production device of ultrafine boron carbide micropowder. The method includes the steps of: (1) crushing; (2) purification; (3) filter pressing; (4) drying; (5) dispersion; (6) grading; and (7) packaging. The production device includes a wet grinding machine, a first slurry pump, a slurry finished product tank, a second slurry pump, a slurry purification reaction tank, a filter press, a drying separation device and a vacuum packer that are communicated in order. Accordingto the invention, the process is simple, the production device is reasonable in design and easy to operate, the product cost is low, the dust production is small, the energy consumption is low, and the obtained boron carbide micropowder has high purity, finer grain size, a particle size of less than 0.5microm, large specific surface area, good fluidity, high stability and high sintering activity.