The invention relates to the steel casting industry, in particular to an optimized technology for manufacturing a water glass shell. The Be' of water glass ranges from 39 to 41, the modulus M of the water glass ranges from 3.1 to 3.4, and the density rho of the water glass ranges from 1.33 g/cm<3> to 1.368 g/cm<3>. A first face layer is formed by a mixture comprising 85% to 92% of 200-mesh quartz powder and 8% to 15% of 70-mesh-to-140-mesh quartz sand, the powder-liquid ratio n is 1.25 to 1.40:1, the viscosity measured through a phi6 flow cup ranges from 20 S to 60 S, the thickness of a coating ranges from 0.28 mm to 0.42 mm, and 40/70-mesh quartz sand is scattered. A second face layer is formed by 200-mesh quartz powder, the powder-liquid ratio n is 0.8 to 1.15:1, the viscosity measured through a phi6 flow cup ranges from 20 S to 60 S, the thickness of a coating ranges from 0.22 mm to 0.26 mm, 20/40-mesh quartz sand is scattered, and hardening is carried out through ammonium chloride. A transition layer is formed by mullite powder, the viscosity measured through a phi8 flow cup ranges from 8 S to 25 S, and 16/30-mesh mullite sand is scattered. Reinforcing layers are formed by 200-mesh mullite powder, the powder-liquid ratio n is 1.10 to 1.75:1, the viscosity, measured through a phi8 flow cup, of the first layer ranges from 30 S to 40 S, the viscosity, measured through the phi8 flow cup, of the second layer ranges from 50 S to 65 S, the viscosity, measured through the phi8 flow cup, of the third layer ranges from 70 S to 85 S, the viscosity, measured through the phi8 flow cup, of the fourth layer and the other layers ranges from 90 S to 120 S, 10/20-mesh mullite sand is scattered, and hardening is carried out through aluminum chloride. The manufactured shell can meet the requirements for cast fine steel castings.