The invention discloses a preparation method of a high-tungsten and high-cobalt nickel alloy high- purity fine-grained bar material. The alloy composition is of 25 wt.% - 45wt.% of tungsten, 15 wt.% -30 wt.% of cobalt and the balance nickel. A vacuum induction melting mode is adopted, a high-tungsten high-cobalt nickel alloy ingot is heated to 1150 - 1250 DEG C after casting, and forging is carried out after heat preservation; the forging adopts a repeated deformation route alternating radial drawing-out with axial upsetting, the deformation amount of each firing is 15% - 35%, blanks after different firing forging in the middle is subjected to furnace returning heat preservation, and the time of furnace returning heat preservation is 30 - 120 min; and the final forging temperature is greater than or equal to 1000 DEG C, and the deformation amount of the last firing forging is more than or equal to 25%. According to the preparation method of a high-tungsten and high-cobalt nickel alloyhigh- purity fine-grained bar material, the oxygen content of a prepared high-tungsten high-cobalt nickel alloy bar material is less than or equal to 30 ppm, the sulfur content is less than or equalto 20 ppm, and the sound speed can reach 5015 m/s; and according to the preparation method, the requirement on equipment capacity can be reduced by adopting a hot forging mode, the obtained bar material is uniform in deformation, free of defects such as surface cracks, has internal structure with fine and uniform grains, has ideal microstructure and excellent mechanical property, the grain size can exceed 5 grade, the grade difference does not exceed 2 grade, ultrasonic flaw detection can reach class A, the elongation reaches 68%, and the tensile strength reaches 980 MPa.