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115 results about "Joint cartilage" patented technology

The primary role of joint cartilage is to make sure your joints move smoothly and easily. However, unlike some other types of tissue in your body, cartilage doesn’t have a blood supply. Blood cells help repair tissue damage by diffusion. Therefore, once cartilage gets damage it takes much longer to heal,...

Method for in situ repair of injured, damaged, diseased or aged articular cartilage

InactiveUS20040134502A1Sufficient differentiationSufficient growthBiocideBone implantSacroiliac jointBiomedical engineering
A method for treatment of injured, damaged, diseased or aged articular cartilage using neo-cartilage constructs implanted into a joint cartilage lesion in situ. The implantation of the construct initiates and achieves incorporation of neo-cartilage into a native surrounding cartilage including a formation of a new superficial cartilage layer overgrowing and sealing the lesion in the joint cartilage.
Owner:TAKAGI IND CO LTD +1

Neo-cartilage constructs and a method for preparation thereof

InactiveUS20040151705A1Sufficient differentiationSufficient growthBiocideBone implantSupport matrixAtmospheric pressure
Neo-cartilage constructs suitable for implantation into a joint cartilage lesion in situ and a method for repair and restoration of function of injured, traumatized, aged or diseased cartilage. The construct comprises at least chondrocytes incorporated into a support matrix processed according to the algorithm comprising variable hydrostatic or atmospheric pressure or non-pressure conditions, variable rate of perfusion, variable medium composition, variable temperature, variable cell density and variable time to which the chondrocytes are subjected.
Owner:TAKAGI IND CO LTD +1

II-type collagen joint cartilage fluid and preparation method thereof

The invention provides II-type collagen joint cartilage fluid and a preparation method thereof. Bacteria, viruses and other hazardous substances of the joint cartilage are removed through degreasing-> serum removing-> surfactant treatment-> oxidant treatment-> disinfection and other links. Hybrid protein and other denatured protein of the cartilage are removed through acid hydrolysis, salt precipitation, dialysis and other processes, and high-purity and high-activity II-type collagen solution is prepared. Non-toxin and non-heat raw materials and auxiliary materials and isotonic solution are mixed in an appropriate ratio, and filled in a sterile non-heat disposable injector, to prepare II-type collagen joint cartilage fluid for disposable injection. Other components of the II-type collagen joint cartilage fluid comprise the auxiliary materials and the isotonic solution. The II-type collagen joint cartilage fluid can play the roles of lubrication, pain relieving and joint activity degree improving to the injured joints, fundamentally realizes the internal repair to the cartilage tissue, and is applicable to a patient with various joint cartilage injuries and all types of arthritis.
Owner:GUANGZHOU TRAUER BIOTECH

Method for preparing ultra-thin porous lamination gradient composite support of tissue engineering

The invention discloses a method for preparing an ultra-thin porous lamination gradient composite support of tissue engineering, belonging to the field of biomedicine material. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) determining materials and structures of a support to be prepared according to the condition of repair and defection; (2) preparing each layer of the support, waiting for the volatilization of a solvent, and gradually drying slurry for forming; (3) placing a formed object to a ventilation place, and demoulding the formed object after the residual solvent is completely volatilized; and (4) taking out the formed object and dry to obtain the ultra-thin porous lamination gradient composite support of the tissue engineering. The ultra-thin porous lamination composite support, the thickness of which is suitable for articular cartilage repair, can be prepared by using the method. The prepared support has favorable mechanical property, favorable biocompatibility and controllable degradation rate, is suitable for co-culture of osteoblast and chondrocyte and compound of specific growth factors, and can repair the synthetic defection of the joint cartilage tissue and the cartilage / bone tissue.
Owner:HUAZHONG UNIV OF SCI & TECH

Regulation of matrix metalloproteinase gene expression using specific and selective electrical and electromagnetic signals

Methods and devices for the regulation of matrix metalloproteinase gene expression in cartilage cells via the application of fields generated by specific and selective electric and electromagnetic signals in the treatment of diseased or injured articular cartilage. By gene expression is meant the up-regulation or down-regulation of the process whereby specific portions (genes) of the human genome (DNA) are transcribed into mRNA and subsequently translated into protein. Methods and devices are provided for the targeted treatment of injured or diseased cartilage tissue that include generating specific and selective electric and electromagnetic signals that generate fields optimized for reduction of matrix metalloproteinase gene expression and exposing cartilage tissue to the fields generated by specific and selective signals so as to regulate matrix metalloproteinase gene expression in such cartilage tissue. The resulting methods and devices are useful for the targeted treatment of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, cartilage injury, cartilage defects, and tumor metastasis.
Owner:THE TRUSTEES OF THE UNIV OF PENNSYLVANIA

Polyethylene artificial joint capable of improving biocompatibility and tribological property and preparation method thereof

The invention discloses a polyethylene artificial joint capable of improving biocompatibility and tribological property and a preparation method thereof. The polyethylene artificial joint comprises a joint head and a superhigh molecular weight polyethylene cotyle, wherein a bionic polymer brush layer is grafted on the surface of the superhigh molecular weight polyethylene cotyle rubbed with the joint head; and the bionic polymer brush layer is a brush-shaped structure formed by connecting a super-lubricant and hydrophilic polymer chain on the surface of polyethylene. The high-biocompatibility polymer brush layer is grafted on the surface of the artificial joint polyethylene by simulating a brush-shaped structure and a lubricating antifriction function of a natural joint cartilage epilimmion synovial cavity, so that the biocompatibility and the tribological property of the artificial joint are obviously improved, and tissue reaction and aseptic loosening are relieved; and the polymer brush molecular chain is chemically bonded on the surface of the superhigh molecular weight polyethylene firmly by an ultraviolet grafting technique. The artificial joint prepared by the method has high wettability and biocompatibility on the friction surface and low friction coefficient, and can relive aseptic loosening and prolong service life.
Owner:NANJING UNIV OF SCI & TECH

Layered bionic joint cartilage restoring and replacing material and preparation method thereof

Disclosed is a layered bionic joint cartilage restoring and replacing material and the preparation method thereof. The material is a composite material of nanometer hydroxyl apatite with layered structure and polyvinyl alcohol; the layered structure means that the nanometer hydroxyl apatite content in different layer is different, and reduces in order from the bottom layer to the surface lafyer. The invention causes the nanometer hydroxyl apatite with biological activity to distribute in composite material by gradient along the thickness direction; realizes the optimization of the biological mechanical properties and the biology tribological properties of the joint cartilage restoring material, while, can effectively improve the connection strength of the implantation material and the bottom layer natural joint cartilage; and really solves the contradiction between the biological mechanical properties and the biology tribological properties of the artificial joint cartilage restoring material, and the fixing and combination strength of the implantation material and the natural body.
Owner:ANHUI UNIV OF SCI & TECH

Prosthesis for joint cartilage repair and method of manufacture

A cartilage prosthesis is made according to a method that includes the steps of collecting animal material from a bovine, ovine or porcine source, the animal material being a cartilage, shaping the animal material to provide a desired shape for the cartilage implant, removing cells from the animal material, crosslinking the animal material, removing antigens from the animal material, subjecting the animal material to an alkaline treatment, coupling into the animal material active substances which are capable of adhering growth factor and stem cell, and packing the animal material in a container that contains a sterilization solution.
Owner:SUMMIT GD BIOTECH

Preparation method of multifunctional layered joint cartilage support

The invention provides a preparation method of a multifunctional layered joint cartilage support. The multifunctional layered joint cartilage support capable of simulating the biological property andthe mechanical property of natural cartilage is prepared by taking hydrogel as a support material, taking mesenchymal stem cells, cartilage cells and osteoblasts as inducing and developing objects andby adopting a 3D printing technology. The multifunctional layered joint cartilage support can accurately simulate the internal tissue form and the contour of each layer of the natural cartilage and can realize that different layers have different mechanical and biological characteristics. The prepared artificial cartilage support cells are derived from patients, the support serves as a degradablehydrogel material and the rejection reaction after implantation is greatly reduced. Various nutritional substances and growth factors are mixed in the hydrogel support, so that the sustained releaseeffect can be achieved and regulation and control of the growth and development of the artificial cartilage can be realized.
Owner:NORTHWESTERN POLYTECHNICAL UNIV

Collagen beverage formula

The invention relates to a beverage, in particular to a collagen beverage formula. The collagen beverage is prepared by the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35.9 parts of water, 5 parts of collagen, 3 parts of maltodextrin, 2.75 parts of apple concentration juice, 0.15 part of citric acid, 0.1 part of desert water melon extract, 0.03 part of honey peach liquid state spice, 0.01 part of CoQ10, 0.01 part of vitamin C and 0.01 part of enzyme blend. The collagen contained in the invention is a major supportive protein in a human body, plays a very important role, and is contained in dermal skeleton, joint cartilage, internal organs, vessels and the like in the human body; the collagen is a major structural protein in the skin, is a powerful backline in a dermis layer. The collagen beverage of the invention not only has nutrition, but also can repair tissue damage, and maintains the elasticity of the skin.
Owner:上海优能慧斯生物科技有限公司

Integrated three-layer composite scaffold for repairing joint cartilages, and production method thereof

The invention provides an integrated three-layer composite scaffold for repairing joint cartilages, and a production method thereof. The composite scaffold comprises a cartilage layer, a calcified subchondral bone plate layer and a spongy bone layer which are sequentially superposed from bottom to top, the composite scaffold is formed in a one-shot manner through three-dimensional printing, the cartilage layer is a sodium alginate hydrogel porous layer, the calcified subchondral bone plate layer is a biological ceramic particle and sodium alginate composite hydrogel compact layer, the spongy bone layer is a biological ceramic particle and sodium alginate composite hydrogel porous layer, and the sodium alginate components in all above layers undergo ionic cross-linking to form an integrated structure, so every layer of the composite scaffold has a specific composition and a specific structure, the composite scaffold has good interlayer binding force, and the integral structure stability of the composite scaffold is improved. The invention also provides the production method of the integrated three-layer composite scaffold for repairing joint cartilages. The method has the advantages of simplicity, easiness in enforcement, easiness in control of technologic parameters, acceleration of the promotion and application of a three-dimensional printing technology in the biologic field, and wide market prospect.
Owner:UNIV OF SHANGHAI FOR SCI & TECH

Joint rehabilitation exercise equipment for orthopedics department

The invention relates to the technical field of rehabilitation equipment, in particular to joint rehabilitation exercise equipment for the orthopedics department. The joint rehabilitation exercise equipment comprises a bed plate and lower limb rehabilitation mechanisms; two brackets are symmetrically and fixedly mounted on the left side and the right side of the bed plate correspondingly, and thetwo lower limb rehabilitation mechanisms are symmetrically arranged on the front side and the rear side of the bed surface of the bed plate and arranged on a bottom plate; a rack is vertically mountedon the position, on the right sides of the lower limb rehabilitation mechanisms, of the bottom plate, a winding roller is rotatably mounted on the position, on the right sides of the lower limb rehabilitation mechanisms, of the bottom plate, a pulling rope is wound around the winding roller, a guiding roller is rotatably mounted at the top of the rack, the pulling rope penetrates through the guiding roller to be fixedly connected with the lower limb rehabilitation mechanisms, and the lower limb rehabilitation mechanisms are slidably connected with the rack. According to the joint rehabilitation exercise equipment, assisting exercise is conducted on knee joints of a patient, quadriceps femoris on the upper parts of the knees is enhanced, muscle supporting force during standing, running andbending-extending is increased, the pressure of cartilage of the knee joints, fat pads and ligaments is relieved, and various inflammations in the knee joints and around the knee joints are finally eliminated.
Owner:祝汉忠

Fish collagen composition as well as preparation method and application thereof

The invention discloses a fish collagen composition as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The fish collagen composition comprises 45-65 parts of fish collagen peptide, 6-15 parts ofmaltodextrin, 10-15 parts of resistant dextrin, 5-10 parts of calcium aspartate, 1-5 parts of lemon powder, 0.1-1 part of acerola cherry powder, 5-15 parts of xylitol, 0.5-2 parts of xanthan gum, 1-2parts of anhydrous citric acid, 1-2 parts of lemon essence, and 0.01-0.2 part of sucralose. The fish collagen peptide is used as a main raw material, and the calcium aspartate is used as an auxiliarymaterial for complementing collagen and calcium, so that metabolism of skeleton collagen is promoted, chondrocyte is stimulated and actuated to strengthen synthesis of a cartilage matrix, bone jointrubbing is reduced, damaged articular cartilage is repaired, bone density is increased, and osteoporosis is prevented. The lemon powder and the acerola cherry powder contain massive rich vitamin C, sothat proliferation, formation and oxidation resistance of the collagen can be promoted; the lemon powder and the acerola cherry powder generate synergy effect with the fish collagen peptide and the calcium aspartate, so that the efficacy of products for beautifying the features is improved, and the effects of smoothing skin, enabling the skin to be elastic, preventing wrinkles and delaying senescence can be achieved.
Owner:广州市顺芝堂生物科技有限公司

Regulation of aggrecan gene expression using specific and selective electrical and electromagnetic signals

Methods and devices for the regulation of aggrecan gene expression in cartilage cells via the application of fields generated by specific and selective electric and electromagnetic signals in the treatment of diseased or injured articular cartilage. By gene expression is meant the up regulation or down regulation of the process whereby specific portions (genes) of the human genome (DNA) are transcribed into mRNA and subsequently translated into protein. Methods and devices are provided for the targeted treatment of injured or diseased cartilage tissue that include generating specific and selective electric and electromagnetic signals that generate fields optimized for aggrecan gene expression and exposing cartilage tissue to the fields generated by specific and selective signals so as to regulate aggrecan gene expression in such cartilage tissue. The resulting methods and devices are useful for the targeted treatment of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, cartilage injury, and cartilage defects.
Owner:THE TRUSTEES OF THE UNIV OF PENNSYLVANIA

Bionic multi-scale structural surface with excellent tribological performance and preparation method

The invention discloses a bionic multi-scale structural surface with excellent tribological performance and a preparation method. The preparation method includes steps of simulating multiple holes and brush structure on a shallow surface layer of the natural joint cartilage and a lubricating function, building a micrometer-scale porous structure on the friction surface of an artificial joint physically or chemically, grafting polymer molecule brushes which are high in hydrophile and fine biocompatibility so as to form a multi-scale structural surface from micrometers, nanometers to molecules. The tribological performance of an implantation body is evidently improved, tissue reactivity of abrasive dust, osteolysis and loosening can be effectively alleviated, and the service life of the artificial joint can be prolonged evidently.
Owner:NANJING UNIV OF SCI & TECH

Three-dimensional joint structure measuring method

A method enabling a destroyed part of a joint or joint cartilage to be extracted accurately and at a high speed with a good repeatability and enabling quantitative and simple 3D analysis of the joint and the destroyed part, that is, a method of 3D image processing comprising filling in a medullary cavity region, comprised of a hollow region inside a joint, of a digitalized image of a cross-section of the examined joint using the Expansion and Shrinkage method, performing 3D labeling by a 3D image obtained by stacking digitalized images of cross-sections of the examined joint generated at a step of extracting a contour of the cross-sectional image of the joint or digitalized images of cross-sections of the examined joint not pre-processed, and defining the joint image to be evaluated.
Owner:TEIJIN LTD

Tool for percutaneous joint cartilage destruction and preparation for joint fusion

ActiveUS20170325827A1Soften the cartilage in the jointPrevent creepSurgeryJoint cavityJoint fusion
A tool for scrubbing, removing tissue from the medullary cavity or joint cavity of a bone or removing cartilage and / or cortical bone from a joint cavity has a proximal end, a distal end, and a cannula extending therethrough. The distal end includes at least one scraping surface and / or cutting surface to soften marrow in the medullary cavity or joint cavity as the scraping and / or cutting surface(s) are rotated or otherwise moved relative to the medullary cavity or joint cavity. When used, the tool may be attached to a drill and the cannula receives a K-wire previously inserted into the medullary or joint cavity. The drill rotates the tool around the K-wire and pushes the tool over the K-wire into the medullary cavity or joint cavity.
Owner:EXSOMED CORP

Growth-factor-chitosan-microsphere loaded DBM support joint cartilage repairing material

InactiveCN104056304AEasy to prepareConvenient natural mesh void structure systemProsthesisShoulder bonesMicrosphere
The invention discloses a growth-factor-chitosan-microsphere loaded DBM support joint cartilage repairing material. A method for preparing the growth-factor-chitosan-microsphere loaded DBM support joint cartilage repairing material includes the following steps: (1) preparing a DBM: adopting a fresh pig shoulder blade, removing the periosteum, the cartilage and the soft tissues, taking the cancellous bone of the shoulder blade, preparing the cancellous bone to be in a cake shape, carrying out repeated stirring and washing with flowing water to remove the marrow, the bloodiness and the surface grease, and after washing is carried out through the tap water, placing the cancellous bone into an environment at -80 DEG C for storage for three days to carry out proper processing; (2) preparing chitosan sustained release microspheres; (3) preparing wrapping growth factor microspheres, and calculating the encapsulation efficiency and the drug loading capacity; (4) preparing a growth-factor-chitosan-sustained-release-microsphere loaded DBM composite, and measuring amido bond connection after cross bonding is carried out a DBM support and the microspheres through EDC with the infrared ray method. The growth-factor-chitosan-microsphere loaded DBM support joint cartilage repairing material has the good cellular and biology compatibility and the good degradability, and is a good cartilage tissue engineering support material.
Owner:FIRST AFFILIATED HOSPITAL OF KUNMING MEDICAL UNIV

Tissue engineering cartilage based on placenta source filling dry cell and production thereof

A tissue engineering cartilage based on placenta original filled stem cell and its production are disclosed. The process is carried out by using filled stem cell of placenta original as seed cell, combining with degradable porous biological material to construct tissue engineering cartilage. It is convenient and has short cell culture time and easy quality control, it can be used for functional repair of joint cartilage injure.
Owner:INST OF BASIC MEDICAL SCI ACAD OF MILITARY MEDICAL SCI OF PLA

Low-friction high-wear resistance bionic artificial joint and preparation method thereof

The invention discloses a low-friction high-wear resistance bionic artificial joint. A bearing interface of the artificial joint is modified with a modified sodium alginate cross-linked network structure and grafted with a hydrophilic polymer monomer, wherein the cross-linked network structure imitates the brush-like structure on the superficial layer of the natural joint cartilage and is formed by connecting modified sodium alginate to the substrate surface through a carbon-carbon double bond and through mutual cross-linking. The artificial joint is prepared by the following steps: grafting the substrate surface with sodium alginate modified by a glycidyl methacrylate reaction method; and grafting the cross-linked network structure of the modified sodium alginate with the hydrophilic polymer monomer. In the invention, by establishing the cross-linked network structure, the hydrophilic wearing layer on the joint surface is firmer, and the durability of the grafting layer is enhanced; and compared with the untreated substrate material, the friction coefficient can be reduced from 0.056 to 0.025, the surface contact angle can be reduced from 93 degrees to 14.2 degrees, the wear resistance is remarkably improved, the overhauling and replacing frequency of the artificial joint is reduced, and the service life of the artificial joint is prolonged.
Owner:NANJING UNIV OF SCI & TECH

Process for preparing multilayer heterogeneous bionic joint cartilage material

ActiveCN107126583ASolve wear and tearSolve the problem of aseptic looseningTissue regenerationProsthesisCross-linkPolyvinyl alcohol
The invention discloses a process for preparing a multilayer heterogeneous bionic joint cartilage material. The preparation process comprises the following steps: taking polyethylene subjected to surface activation treatment as a matrix, and cross-linking a polyvinyl alcohol / hydroxyapatite (PVA / HA) composite hydrogel layer with inner pores perpendicular to the matrix on the surface of the matrix by adopting in-situ chemical grafting and orientated solidification; jointing a polyvinyl alcohol / hydroxyapatite / silk (PVA / HA / Silk) composite hydrogel layer with inner pores embedded with one another by utilizing a non-orientated solidification method; and finally, constructing a polyvinyl alcohol / hydroxyapatite / polyacrylic acid (PVA / HA / PAA) composite hydrogel dense film with inner pores parallel to the matrix on the surface of the matrix, thereby obtaining the multilayer heterogeneous bionic joint cartilage material with high strength, low permeability and wear resistance. The prepared bionic cartilage material has the structure and function similar to those of natural cartilage, is difficult to wear and loosen, excellent in interfacial lubricating property and sufficient in biological activity, and achieves the effect of replacing the cartilage to a certain degree.
Owner:CHINA UNIV OF MINING & TECH

IIAb18G/CD147 function epitope amino acid sequence of series monoanti-body function and its use

The present invention provides HAb18G / CD147 function epitone amino acid sequence as shown in the <400>1 or the <400>2 sequence in the sequence list and with serial monoantibody function and the application of the said functional epitone area in preparing medicine for treating tumor recurrence, tumor metastasis, rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. The found HAb18G / CD147 function area may be used as the targeting molecule in designing, screening and synthesizing its antagonist to block the function of effect cell in inducing and secreting matrix metal protainase, to reduce the degradation of tumor tissue interstitium, joint cartilage erosion and nascent vascularization and to treat tumor recurrence, tumor metastasis, rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Therefore, the discovery of the functional epitone has application foreground in developing new medicines.
Owner:陈志南

Knee joint replacement space registration system based on multi-modal fusion and point cloud registration

The invention belongs to the technical field of medical equipment, and particularly relates to a knee arthroplasty space registration system based on multi-modal fusion and point cloud registration. The system comprises three modules: a space coordinate construction module of knee joint cartilage surface point cloud on a CT image; an intraoperative patient space knee joint cartilage surface point cloud acquisition module; and a knee joint cartilage surface point cloud layering registration module which achieves spatial registration of an intraoperative patient and a preoperative image, wherein the registration error is about 2.5 mm. According to the invention, the registration time in the operation can be greatly reduced, generally about 2 minutes are used, so that the operation time is greatly reduced; soft tissue information can be provided by utilizing the CT and MR images fused before the operation, so that a doctor can perform better pre-operation planning and intraoperative incision position judgment according to the soft tissue information; in addition, the degree of dependence on doctors can be greatly reduced, and the doctors can concentrate on the operation.
Owner:FUDAN UNIV

Joint-moving simulation test system with biological culture function

The invention discloses a joint-moving simulation test system with a biological culture function, which comprises a joint simulator and a biological culture circulating system, wherein the biological culture circulating system comprises a culture cavity, a dislocated sterilized glass fermentation tank and a liquid storage tank which are sequentially communicated, the culture cavity is composed of an upper cavity and a lower cavity which are communicated together, the upper cavity is communicated with the dislocated sterilized glass fermentation tank, and the lower cavity is connected with an inlet of the liquid storage tank; the upper cavity is connected with a horizontal axis of the joint simulator, and the lower cavity is connected with a longitudinal axis of the joint simulator. According to the joint-moving simulation test system disclosed by the invention, the joint simulator can realize the moving control on the culture cavity, and the dislocated sterilized glass fermentation tank can realize the control on the oxygen, carbon dioxide, pH value and temperature of culture liquid in the circulating system. The joint-moving simulation test system disclosed by the invention not only can carry out in-vitro culture on tissue engineered cartilages, but also can efficiently carry out an in-vitro friction and wear performance evaluation test on active joint cartilages.
Owner:XI AN JIAOTONG UNIV

Cartilage stem cell preparation, and preparation method and application thereof

The invention relates to the technical field of a cell preparation and especially relates to a cartilage stem cell preparation, and a preparation method and application thereof. The cartilage stem cell preparation comprises cartilage stem cells and platelet-rich plasma. The cartilage stem cell preparation provided by the invention can effectively repair joint cartilage injury and has an effect better than the therapeutic effect of sodium hyaluronate combined with mesenchymal stem cells.
Owner:GUANGZHOU SALIAI STEMCELL SCI & TECH CO LTD

[C]-fused bicyclic proline derivatives and their use for treating arthritic conditions

InactiveUS20050137215A1Preventing and inhibiting joint cartilage damagePrevent and treat diseaseBiocideOrganic chemistryJoint painJoints inflammation
This invention relates to a compound which is [c]-fused bicyclic proline derivative, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound or the salt thereof, and methods of treating diseases, including, but not limited to, methods of preventing or inhibiting joint cartilage damage and preventing or treating diseases characterized by joint cartilage damage, joint inflammation, or joint pain. The [c]-fused bicyclic proline derivatives are compounds of Formula I as described above. Diseases characterized by joint cartilage damage or joint pain include, for example, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatoid arthritis is also characterized by joint inflammation. This invention also relates to methods of synthesizing and preparing the [c]-fused bicyclic proline derivatives, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
Owner:GUZZO PETER R +6
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