The invention discloses a system for simplifying coal-to-methanol production by adjusting a carbon-hydrogen ratio through hydrogen and a working method of the system, belonging to the technical field of coal chemical industry. The system mainly comprises a coal preparation unit, a coal gasification unit, a carbon-hydrogen ratio adjusting unit, a synthesis gas cooling unit, a low-temperature methanol washing unit, a unit for preparing methanol or methane from synthesis gas, a water treatment unit, a power generation unit, an electrolytic hydrogen production unit, a hydrogen collection unit, an oxygen collection unit, an air separation unit and a sulfur recovery unit. According to the invention, hydrogen obtained by electrolytic hydrogen production of renewable energy is used for adjusting the carbon-hydrogen ratio of the synthesis gas of the coal gasification unit and is directly used for preparing methanol or methane from the synthesis gas, and a conversion unit is not needed, so the load of the system is reduced, and operation cost is reduced; low-temperature waste heat of the coal gasification and synthesis gas cooling units is adopted for power generation, electric energy is provided for electrolytic hydrogen production, and extra power input is not needed, so energy consumption and production cost are reduced; and pure oxygen generated in an electrolytic hydrogen production process is used for the coal gasification unit, so the load of the air separation unit of the system is reduced, and production and operation cost is reduced.