The invention relates to the field of building construction equipment, and particularly relates to a reference strip generation device and a leveling robot. The reference strip generation device comprises a vehicle body, and walking wheels are arranged at the bottom of the vehicle body, wherein a material preparation device is installed on the vehicle body and used for applying cement slurry to the ground; and a reference generation mold positioned behind the material preparation device is further installed on the vehicle body, and when the reference strip generation device moves forwards, thereference generation mold can level and shape the cement slurry output by the material preparation device so as to form a reference strip on the ground. According to the reference strip generation device, the cement slurry is output to the ground through the material preparation device, along with advancing of the vehicle body, the reference generation mold is utilized for leveling and shaping the cement slurry into a strip shape, the reference strip generation speed is high, after the reference strip is hardened, a scraper abuts against the reference strip and moves along the reference strip, and then mortar on the ground can be leveled; and in the leveling process, the adjacent ground does not need to be repeatedly compared or the reference surface does not need to be repeatedly compared, the leveling speed is high, and the efficiency is high.