The invention belongs to the technical field of the preparation methods of the
nanomaterials and specifically discloses a method for preparing water-soluble fluorescent
silicon quantum dots by using a hydrothermal process. The method comprises the steps of firstly introducing an amino
silane and a
reducing agent into a
solvent in which
nitrogen is introduced and mixing, continuing introducing the
nitrogen for protection for a while, next, transferring to a
hydrothermal reaction kettle, and heating for reacting for a while, thereby obtaining the fluorescent
silicon quantum dots having excellent chemical properties. The method has the advantages of low
raw material cost due to the adoption of the amino
silane as a
silicon source, simple operation steps, direction synthesis in water phase, easy large-scale production, and being green and environment; the obtained
quantum dots have high
quantum yield and excellent chemical characteristics, and are small in particle size, evenly in distribution, non-toxic, good in
biocompatibility and
acid resistance; besides, the quantum dots have pH sensitive characteristic in a certain range, and can be widely applied to the biochemical and biomedical sensing fields such as
biochemical detection,
drug analysis,
cell and living imaging and targeting tracing and also can be used as photovoltaic conversion and light-emitting display materials.