804 results about "Latent heating" patented technology

The invention relates to the field of photovoltaic power generation, and particularly discloses a climate self-adaptive photovoltaic cooling method and system based on interface evaporation, and the system comprises a hydrophilic and hydrophobic composite radiation refrigeration film which is used for capturing atmospheric moisture through a radiation refrigeration effect under a low-radiation condition to form a cooling water source; the bionic water conveying structure comprises a modified silicone tube and a juncus roemerianus bundle and is used for conveying the captured water to the high-level water tank through capillary action; according to the invention, by fusing interface evaporation and radiation refrigeration technologies, the system realizes efficient cooling and energy recovery of the photovoltaic module; under the condition of strong irradiation, the gradient wettability interface evaporation layer takes away waste heat of the module through directional water film flow, so that the temperature of the photovoltaic module is reduced, the photoelectric conversion efficiency is improved, and meanwhile, the daily generating capacity is increased; the cooling effect is obviously better than that of a traditional natural convection or phase change material cooling mode, and efficient heat transfer is achieved through phase change latent heat utilization of interface evaporation.

The invention discloses a phase change latent heat slow-release single-phase immersion liquid cooling intelligent temperature control adjusting method and system, and relates to the technical field of electronic equipment heat management. The phase change latent heat slow-release single-phase immersion liquid cooling intelligent temperature control adjusting method comprises the following steps: S1, collecting phase change liquid cooling temperature control data, and preprocessing the phase change liquid cooling temperature control data; s2, evaluating the running state of the server, assigning a thermal response level identifier based on an evaluation result, and constructing a thermal response state data set; s3, evaluating the cooling slow release capability in a temperature control early warning state and a thermal shock state, and generating and executing a self-adaptive cooling adjustment strategy in a grading manner; and S4, after the cooling regulation strategy is executed, the response efficiency of the cooling strategy is evaluated, a cooling strategy optimization instruction is generated, and strategy closed-loop regulation is realized on the basis of monitoring the change trend of an evaluation result in a continuous regulation period. The problem that the chip temperature of an existing liquid cooling system fluctuates abnormally due to cooling capacity response lag in an instantaneous high-load scene is solved.

The invention relates to the field of metal heat treatment and industrial automation control, in particular to a normalizing air cooling system of a metal continuous heat treatment furnace, and particularly relates to an ideal field reconstruction module which is used for obtaining steel plate parameters and environmental parameters, introducing a thermodynamic phase change dynamics principle to calculate a phase change latent heat release process and constructing an ideal pure temperature flow field matrix; the fault simulation generation module is used for calling a fault mechanism model to convert an equipment fault into a parameterized interference coefficient matrix, and superposing the parameterized interference coefficient matrix to an ideal matrix to generate a theoretical damaged state matrix; the double-track differential analysis module is used for collecting real-time data to construct an observation matrix, and respectively calculating a first difference between the observation matrix and the ideal matrix and a second difference between the theoretical damaged matrix and the ideal matrix to obtain a real and theoretical difference matrix; the feature coupling judgment module is used for extracting the difference matrix features, calculating the coupling degree, judging that the abnormality belongs to a real fault or environmental noise, and generating an air cooling regulation and control instruction; according to the method, non-linear fluctuation misjudgment is eliminated through phase change latent heat calculation, dual-track differential stripping environment common-mode interference is utilized, and micro equipment abnormity is accurately captured in a noisy environment.

The invention relates to the technical field of environment control, in particular to a cold and heat source environment control method and device with an air purification function, and the method comprises the steps: collecting various parameters through a sensor network, and carrying out the data fusion based on a decision rule base to select a dominant working mode; corresponding air treatment operation is executed, and a composite energy-saving strategy including precooling optimization and phase change latent heat assistance is triggered under the refrigeration working condition; fuzzy control and machine learning are applied to optimize system output and predict load, and a decision rule base and algorithm parameters are updated through self-learning; air supply and exhaust power is controlled to maintain the negative pressure gradient of the key area, and an air path distribution mechanism is adjusted to organize a one-way air flow line; the device comprises an intelligent control module, a sensor group, a fresh air module, a purification module, a cold and heat source module, a bypass pipeline and an air path distribution mechanism. The problems that an existing system is poor in function collaboration, low in energy efficiency and unreasonable in airflow organization are solved, and intelligent decision making, deep energy saving and accurate environment control are achieved.

The invention belongs to the technical field of heat dissipation of high-power-density electronic devices, and relates to a topological cold plate and vapor chamber integrated structure which comprises a cover plate, a first heat exchange plate and a second heat exchange plate which are sequentially overlapped from top to bottom and are connected in a sealed mode to form the integrated structure, and a cooling cavity used for containing a liquid working medium is defined between the cover plate and the first heat exchange plate. A phase change cavity used for containing a two-phase heat transfer working medium is defined between the first heat exchange plate and the second heat exchange plate, the cooling cavity and the phase change cavity are independent of each other, and heat transfer is achieved through the solid metal wall face of the first heat exchange plate. During use, the second heat exchange plate is attached to an electronic device, heat generated when the electronic device works is transferred to the second heat exchange plate, so that the two-phase heat transfer working medium in the phase change cavity is evaporated to generate steam, and the steam is diffused in the phase change cavity, then is in contact with the upper wall surface, is condensed when encountering cold and releases latent heat; heat is conducted to the cooling cavity through the first heat exchange plate to be absorbed by the liquid working medium. The structure is compact, the temperature equalizing performance is enhanced, and the heat transfer efficiency is improved.

A tamper for making paraffin blocks for histology may include a pliable tamper head and a handle. The handle may be permanently or removably attached to the tamper by using screws, magnets, or the like. The tamper may be made from a pliable material, such as a silicone rubber, with improved thermal transfer and high latent heat. In use, the tamper may be warmed in advance to a working temperature by placing the tamper on a hot plate of the embedding station or on a dedicated smaller hot plate. Alternatively, the tamper may be heated with an electric resistive element, a thermoelectric device, or an electric induction coil.

The invention belongs to the technical field of chemical engineering, and relates to a method and a device for utilizing latent heat of a tower top gas phase in cyclohexanol preparation. Comprising a first separation tower, a second separation tower and the like, a tower top gas phase outlet of the second separation tower is connected with a hot side inlet of a second tower condenser, and a cold side outlet of the second tower condenser is connected with the first separation tower; a tower top gas phase outlet of the cyclohexene recovery tower is connected with the first separation tower; a tower top gas phase outlet of the cyclohexanol refining tower is connected with a hot side inlet of a refining tower condenser, and a cold side outlet of the refining tower condenser is connected with the second separation tower through a pipeline; an outlet of the hydration reaction system is connected with the first separation tower, and a tower kettle liquid phase outlet of the first separation tower is connected with an inlet of the second separation tower through a pipeline; a side line outlet of the first separation tower is connected with the hydration reaction system. The tower top gas phase latent heat of the second separation tower, the cyclohexene recovery tower and the cyclohexanol refining tower is recycled, so that the energy consumption in the cyclohexanol production process is reduced.

The system for supplying heat to a building comprises, in addition to an outside air heat exchanger (11), a fan device (12) for conveying outside air through the outside air heat exchanger (11), a latent heat storage unit (13) with a closed tank (18) and a heat pump (15), a piping system (16) filled with a liquid working medium and a pumping device (17) for conveying the working medium through the piping system. The piping system (16), the pumping device (17), the outdoor air heat exchanger (11), the heat pump (15) and the latent heat storage unit (13) form a closed circuit for the working medium and are arranged such that the working medium flows through the outdoor air heat exchanger (11), the latent heat storage unit (19) and an evaporator heat exchanger (21) of the heat pump (15) in the closed circuit in this sequence before being returned to the outdoor air heat exchanger (11).

The invention relates to a method for releasing latently stored heat and a device for carrying out the method. Chemical heat storage systems are often irreversible, while purely physical heat storage systems release heat with a delay and unevenly during cooling processes. The objective is to overcome these disadvantages. This is achieved with a method in which heat is stored in a stable emulsion during its formation. Subsequent disruption of the emulsion leads to reliable phase separation, releasing the previously stored heat. For the first time, a physicochemical system can thus release and provide heat on demand, analogous to a heat pump, without relying on the complex and vulnerable components of a heat pump. The most cost-effective and established systems from the field of oil-based heat exchangers and coolers can be used.For the first time, a compact and localized addition to energy management systems is now possible. A corresponding device, requiring only 1 to 2 cubic meters of space, can effectively feed thermal energy into a water-based heating circuit in a single-family home.

The invention discloses a fermentation tank external heating and phase change energy storage cooperative temperature control system and an operation method. The system comprises a fermentation tank, a heat storage water tank, a solar heat collection unit, an intelligent temperature control unit and the like. A phase change energy storage layer and a circulating hot water pipe network are compositely packaged on the outer wall of the fermentation tank, the heat storage water tank and the circulating hot water pipe network as well as the solar heat collection unit and the heat storage water tank respectively form a water circulation loop, and solar energy is utilized to heat the heat storage water tank to store water. The intelligent temperature control unit collects multi-source data of the fermentation tank, the phase change energy storage layer, the heat storage water tank and the hot water pipe network through sensors, regulates and controls hot water flowing of the water circulation loop, and achieves intelligent temperature control of the fermentation tank. Through the synergistic effect of the external circulation pipeline and the phase change energy storage layer, precise temperature control of the whole-domain temperature difference of the fermentation tank is achieved, the latent heat characteristic of the phase change material can effectively compensate the thermal hysteresis problem of a traditional heating mode, it is ensured that the activity of methane bacteria is stable, and the temperature uniformity in the fermentation tank is improved.

The invention discloses a radiation air conditioner heat and humidity decoupling cooperative control method based on dynamic dew point prediction, and the method comprises the steps: building a multi-dimensional environment state sensing system, collecting indoor environment parameters in real time, including indoor temperature and humidity and capillary network water supply temperature, calculating indoor air dew point temperature and moisture content change rate, and forming a dynamic anti-condensation safety margin. And the minimum water supply temperature constraint allowed by the capillary radiation system is generated. Based on the constraint, the system achieves sensible heat and latent heat decoupling of indoor cold loads, sensible heat loads are preferentially borne by the capillary radiation system, wet load disturbance of latent heat loads is eliminated by the fresh air system through feedback compound control, and stable adjustment of indoor temperature and humidity is achieved. And under the working condition of insufficient sensible heat, the system automatically performs self-adaptive redistribution of sensible heat load, and the fresh air system assists in supplementing cold energy, so that comfort and high-energy-efficiency operation are ensured to be maintained within an anti-condensation safety boundary. According to the method, indoor air condensation can be effectively prevented, cooperative operation of the capillary radiation system and the fresh air system is optimized, and accurate heat and humidity control is achieved.

The invention discloses a phase change material used in a heat insulation system, and a preparation method and application thereof. The phase change material is prepared from the following raw material components in parts by weight: 30-70 parts of dynamic crosslinking vitrimer resin; 20 to 60 parts of a porous skeleton supported phase change material; 1 to 15 parts of a temperature-sensitive self-foaming component; and 0.5 to 10 parts of a cascade response intelligent microcapsule. Through the synergistic effect of the components, the obtained composite material not only has the heat management performance of high heat conductivity, high latent heat, wide temperature range and long cycle life, but also has the passive protection capability of forming a heat insulation barrier by in-situ foaming when encountering high temperature, and the active safety capability of performing millisecond-level active removal when encountering electric arcs; meanwhile, based on the vitrimer matrix, the material also has the characteristics of being repairable and recoverable. The method is suitable for the fields of new energy automobiles, electrochemical energy storage, high-end electronic equipment and the like.

The invention relates to the technical field of building materials, and provides high-crack-resistance concrete based on sheath temperature shrinkage-core material phase change composite fibers and a preparation method of the high-crack-resistance concrete. The composite fiber is of a core-shell structure, and a core material is formed by loading an organic or inorganic phase change material on a porous metal fiber; the material of the sheath layer comprises one or more of polyester, polypropylene, polyurethane and high-density polyethylene; and the sheath layer is thermally shrunk through thermal treatment and coats the core material. According to the concrete disclosed by the invention, by introducing the sheath temperature shrinkage-core material phase change composite fiber, not only is a temperature field actively regulated and controlled by utilizing phase change latent heat, but also beneficial pre-compressive stress is introduced into the concrete through the temperature shrinkage effect of the fiber sheath; therefore, the crack resistance of the concrete is synergistically improved from multiple dimensions of stress source control, concrete inner surface temperature difference reduction and matrix enhancement, and it is guaranteed that the mechanical property of the concrete is not remarkably reduced due to introduction of the PCM.

The invention discloses a floor heating structure with a phase change material layer and a preparation method of the floor heating structure, and belongs to a floor heating structure, the floor heating structure comprises a base material layer, the phase change material layer, an auxiliary heat conduction layer and a floor surface layer from bottom to top in sequence; a metal heat-conducting net is embedded into the lower part of the base material layer; the phase change material layer comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 53%-58% of methyl laurate, 30%-35% of n-decanol, 5%-8% of nano aluminum oxide, 4%-6% of polyvinyl alcohol and 0.5%-1.5% of carboxymethyl cellulose. Solid-liquid phase change is carried out through the phase change material layer, redundant heat is absorbed, latent heat is released when a heat source is shut down, and therefore frequent starting and stopping of the heat source are reduced, and energy consumption is reduced. According to the multi-layer heat conduction design, through collaborative optimization of the metal heat conduction net and the auxiliary heat conduction layer, the heat efficiency of the floor heating structure is further improved, the heat response time is shortened, the latent heat characteristic of the phase change material is utilized, the heat buffering effect can be achieved in the floor, the heating temperature fluctuation range is reduced, and the heating comfort is improved.

The invention relates to a boiler flue gas heat recovery system which comprises a heat supply device, the heat supply device comprises a boiler and a heat supply pipeline, the heat supply pipeline comprises a boiler water inlet pipe and a boiler water outlet pipe which communicate with the boiler, a flue is formed in a smoke exhaust device, and a first heat exchanger and a second heat exchanger are sequentially arranged in the flue in the flue gas flowing direction; the first waste heat recovery device comprises a first waste heat recovery flow path and a heat pump, the first waste heat recovery flow path is connected with the first heat exchanger and a boiler water inlet pipe, the heat pump is arranged on the first waste heat recovery flow path, the second waste heat recovery device comprises a second waste heat recovery flow path, and the second waste heat recovery flow path communicates with external air and a boiler. By arranging the heat pump, on one hand, the heat transfer temperature difference can be increased, smoke sensible heat and even part of latent heat can be efficiently recycled, on the other hand, the recycled heat can be flexibly adjusted according to changes of boiler loads, and therefore the system can adapt to changes of loads output by the system under different conditions.

The application discloses a device and method for preparing green hydrogen through biomass pyrolysis and gasification, relates to the technical field of green hydrogen preparation, and solves the problems of blockage and corrosion caused by ash melting and slagging in the pure oxygen gasification process, and the problem of low energy utilization rate. The device for preparing green hydrogen through biomass pyrolysis and gasification comprises a pyrolysis reaction device, and the pyrolysis reaction device comprises a pyrolysis reaction tank connected with a high-temperature heat carrier conveying spiral, a biomass raw material storage bin, a biomass raw material conveying spiral and a pyrolysis solid-phase product conveying spiral. In the application, biomass raw materials are converted into biochar and pyrolysis oil gas through pyrolysis technology, the biomass ash is effectively cut, and problems such as blockage and corrosion caused by ash melting and slagging in the pure oxygen gasification process are effectively avoided; the high-temperature pyrolysis oil gas is directly subjected to pure oxygen gasification reaction through gasification technology, the sensible heat and latent heat in the pyrolysis oil gas are fully utilized, and the energy utilization rate is high.

The invention relates to the technical field of new energy automobile power battery thermal management, in particular to a hydrated salt phase change microcapsule for a power battery and a preparation method of the hydrated salt phase change microcapsule. According to the specific technical scheme, hydrated salt serves as a core material, methyl methacrylate serves as a shell material monomer, the monomers are polymerized on the surfaces of hydrated salt liquid drops to form a polymethyl methacrylate shell layer through an interfacial polymerization method, effective packaging of a phase change material (hydrated salt) is achieved, and the microcapsule with high phase change latent heat, low leakage rate and long cycle life is obtained. In addition, other doped auxiliary materials are deposited on an oil-water interface to improve the heat conductivity of the microcapsule. And mixing the microcapsules with heat-conducting oil to prepare suspension liquid, and driving the suspension liquid to circularly flow between the power battery packs by a peristaltic pump. According to the invention, microcapsules and liquid cooling heat dissipation are combined to provide a new thought and practical and effective temperature control and heat dissipation effects for a heat management scheme of the power battery pack.

The invention relates to a thermal buffer liquid cooling soaking device with a multi-phase change system and a preparation method of the thermal buffer liquid cooling soaking device. The thermal buffer liquid cooling soaking device comprises a liquid cooling plate and a fin runner integrated soaking plate used for making contact with a heat source. A fin flow channel is arranged on the outer side of the fin flow channel integrated vapor chamber, a fin hollow structure is arranged in the fin flow channel, and the fin hollow structure is filled with a phase change material with the phase change temperature of 100-120 DEG C; the liquid cooling plate covers the outer side of the fin flow channel integrated vapor chamber and forms a cooling liquid flow channel for cooling liquid to flow together with the fin flow channel; when the heating power of the heat source is small, sensible heat of the phase-change material absorbs part of heat, the cooling liquid takes away the heat and waste heat which cannot be absorbed by the phase-change material in time, and the temperature of the heat source is kept stable; when the heating power of the heat source is large, the phase change material begins to generate phase change, a large amount of latent heat is absorbed in the process, a thermal fusing effect is formed in the temperature range of 100-120 DEG C to play a thermal buffering role, and the power device can stably run in an overload mode within a period of time.

The application provides a flue gas waste heat recovery multistage heat exchanger heat pipe control method and system, and relates to the technical field of flue gas waste heat recovery.The method comprises the following steps: obtaining the change rate of the gas industrial boiler load instruction;obtaining the thermal inertia parameters of each stage of the series heat exchanger;according to the change rate and the thermal inertia parameters, determining the cooling medium flow pre-adjustment amount of each stage of the heat exchanger;according to the cooling medium flow pre-adjustment amount, adjusting the cooling medium flow of each stage of the heat exchanger, and combining the closed loop feedback control of each stage of the heat exchanger to correct the cooling medium flow.The method of the application aims to solve the problem of dynamic response mismatch caused by the thermal inertia difference of each stage of the heat exchanger in the flue gas waste heat recovery system under the condition of rapid change of the gas industrial boiler load, ensures the continuous effectiveness of the latent heat recovery function, improves the overall thermal efficiency of the system, significantly reduces the thermal stress risk of the equipment, and improves the operation stability.

The invention provides a flue gas waste heat recovery multi-stage heat exchanger heat management and control method and system, and relates to the technical field of flue gas waste heat recovery. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring a change rate of a load instruction of the gas industrial boiler; obtaining thermal inertia parameters of each stage of series heat exchanger; according to the change rate and the thermal inertia parameter, the cooling medium flow pre-adjustment amount of each stage of heat exchanger is determined; and according to the cooling medium flow pre-adjustment amount, the cooling medium flow of each stage of heat exchanger is adjusted, and closed-loop feedback control of each stage of heat exchanger is combined to correct the cooling medium flow. The method aims at solving the problem of dynamic response mismatching caused by thermal inertia difference of all stages of heat exchangers in a flue gas waste heat recovery system under the working condition that the load of a gas industrial boiler is rapidly changed, continuous effectiveness of the latent heat recovery function is ensured, the overall heat efficiency of the system is improved, the thermal stress risk of equipment is remarkably reduced, and the energy consumption is reduced. And the operation stability is improved.

The invention discloses a passive radiation-cold storage composite box body and a preparation method. The box body sequentially comprises a composite radiation film, a heat insulation layer and a cold storage layer from outside to inside. The outer-layer radiation film is composed of an elastic organic matrix and high-reflection inorganic particles such as barium sulfate, has high solar reflectivity and mid-infrared high emissivity, and can effectively restrain solar absorption and achieve radiation heat dissipation in the daytime. The heat insulation layer is made of XPS, EPS, aerogel felt and other low-heat-conduction materials so as to reduce external heat transfer. Phase change microcapsules are dispersed in the cold storage layer, and flake graphite and other high-thermal-conductivity fillers can be added to improve the cold transfer efficiency and temperature uniformity. And the phase-change material realizes automatic cold storage and cold release through a latent heat mechanism, so that the temperature in the box body is kept stable. Through the synergistic effect of radiation refrigeration, heat insulation and phase change cold storage, long-time and recyclable passive cold chain temperature control is achieved, and the device has the advantages of being simple and convenient in structure, high in cost performance, flexible in application, uniform in internal temperature distribution and the like.

The application provides a solar double-phase-change cascade heat storage system under an oilfield continuous heat load scene, and relates to the technical field of solar heat storage. The system comprises a heat collection, double-phase-change cascade heat storage, heat supply and flow control subsystem. The double-phase-change cascade heat storage subsystem is provided with first and second phase-change heat storage tanks with different phase-change temperatures in parallel. The flow control subsystem switches the fluid path based on the dynamic comparison criterion of the heat collection and heat storage temperatures, and directs the solar energy into the double tanks for cascade latent heat storage according to the heat energy grade. The heat supply subsystem guides the cold crude oil to sequentially absorb the heat released by the double tanks to perform cascade heating. The application overcomes the defect of low fluctuating solar energy capture rate of the traditional single-phase-change system, greatly reduces the irreversible exergy loss of heat transfer through cascade heat storage and release, improves the comprehensive utilization rate of full-band solar energy, and realizes efficient and low-carbon heat supply for oilfields.

A latent heat storage includes a ceramic part, formed of a polycrystalline material, and including a closed space famed therein, and a metal part provided inside the closed space, and including copper.

This invention discloses a water spray cooling system for a beam transport vehicle, including a water spraying mechanism comprising a water pump, a water pipe, and a nozzle. The outlet of the water pump is connected to the inlet of the water pipe, and the outlet of the water pipe is connected to the inlet of the nozzle. The outlet of the nozzle faces the radiator. A control mechanism is also included, electrically connected to the water spraying mechanism, to adjust the water spray volume. The beneficial effect of this invention is that by spraying water onto the radiator surface through the nozzle, the latent heat of vaporization of the water is utilized to significantly improve the heat dissipation capacity, effectively solving the problem of insufficient heat dissipation efficiency of existing equipment relying solely on its own radiator.

The phase change heat storage module for the air source heat pump comprises an outer box body, the outer box body sequentially comprises a carbon steel spraying shell, a polyurethane foaming heat preservation layer and an inner container from outside to inside, an auxiliary heat storage mechanism is arranged in the inner container, and the auxiliary heat storage mechanism comprises a heat storage assembly and a plurality of installation assemblies; the heat storage assembly comprises a double-layer support, the inner portion of the double-layer support is fixedly connected with fourteen installation circular rings through cross connecting rods, and the fourteen installation circular rings are arranged on an upper layer and a lower layer. According to the phase change heat storage module for the air source heat pump, the air energy matched water tank is filled with the independently-sealed phase change heat storage bottle, the phase change heat storage module for the air source heat pump is integrated, the heat storage capacity of an existing air energy matched water tank is improved, the starting and stopping frequency of equipment is reduced, and the service life is prolonged; low-price thermal energy is stored during the "valley electricity" period for invoking during the "peak" period.

The invention provides a novel system for efficiently carrying out heat-work conversion by taking liquid ammonia / water as a circulating working medium, low-grade sensible heat can be recovered, latent heat is recovered by using an ammonia compressor to compress and heat a circulating working medium gasification heat source, and the heat-work or thermoelectric conversion efficiency is greatly improved. According to the invention, the liquefied latent heat of the working medium is effectively utilized as an internal heat source for circulating gasification, the economic and technical bottleneck of low efficiency of implementing low-grade thermoelectricity or heat-work conversion in the existing combined heat and power generation or ammonia working medium is well broken, the energy consumption and the working medium circulation amount can be greatly reduced, and the method has wide popularization and application values and is worthy of popularization and application. And greater economic and social environmental protection benefits can be created, and energy conservation and emission reduction are greatly realized.

This invention provides a three-stage circulating water cascade recovery module for overhead gas waste heat and a carbon dioxide capture system. The module includes a desorption tower, a first-stage water circulation unit, a second-stage water circulation unit, a first waste heat upgrading unit, a second waste heat upgrading unit, and a third water circulation unit. First, the high-grade latent heat of phase change from the overhead gas is recovered using the first circulating water flow (medium-temperature circulating water) from the first-stage water circulation unit. Then, the low-grade sensible heat from the overhead gas is recovered using the second circulating water flow (low-temperature circulating water) from the second-stage water circulation unit. The heat recovered by the low-temperature circulating water is upgraded by the first waste heat upgrading unit and then, together with the waste heat recovered by the medium-temperature circulating water, is supplied to the second waste heat upgrading unit for further upgrading, ultimately used in the third water circulation unit to generate water vapor. Through the ingenious cascade heat exchange between the three-stage circulating water and the two-stage upgrading units, the waste heat recovery efficiency is significantly improved, thereby greatly reducing energy consumption; at the same time, it also reduces the design difficulty of the heat exchanger and the complexity of the manufacturing process.

The embodiment of the invention provides an estimation method and device for refrigerant stock of a refrigerating system and the refrigerating system. The method comprises the steps that first temperature information and first pressure information of a refrigerant at an outlet of a condenser and second temperature information of a refrigerant at an inlet of an expansion valve are obtained; according to the first pressure information and the first temperature information, the supercooling degree of an outlet of the condenser is determined; according to the difference between the supercooling degree of the outlet of the condenser and a preset supercooling degree threshold value, it is judged that abnormal flash gas exists in the refrigerating system; according to the first temperature information, the second temperature information and latent heat of vaporization of the refrigerant under the first pressure information, the flash gas ratio is calculated, the supercooling degree of an outlet of the condenser is corrected, and the corrected supercooling degree is obtained; and according to the corrected supercooling degree of the condenser outlet, the refrigerant stock of the refrigerating system is estimated based on a correlation model of the corrected supercooling degree of the condenser outlet and the refrigerant stock. According to the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention, the accuracy of quality estimation of the refrigerant stock can be improved.

A battery pack (100) includes a plurality of cells (214) disposed within a housing (108), one or more cell holders (212, 216), and at least one cavity plate (218). The one or more cell holders (212, 216) include a plurality of openings (224) for receiving at least one end of the plurality of cells (214). The at least one cavity plate (218) is in contact with one or more cell holders (212, 216) of the battery pack (100). Further, the at least one cavity plate (218) comprises one or more cavities (220), the one or more cavities (220) being filled with at least two different phase change materials (PCMs). In addition, the latent heat capacities of the at least two different PCMs differ from each other.

The utility model relates to the field of coal ethanol, disclose a kind of rectifying device of removing isopropyl alcohol in coal ethanol, including ethanol refining A tower and ethanol refining B tower, the ethanol refining A tower is provided with A tower reflux tank and A tower reboiler, the ethanol refining B tower is provided with B tower condenser, B tower reflux tank and condensing / reboiler.The utility model in, high-purity ethanol is taken from tower side line, methanol and other light components are removed from tower top, heavy components such as isopropyl alcohol are removed from tower kettle, through A, B refining tower collaborative operation, utilize the condensation latent heat of A tower top steam to heat B tower reboiler, energy consumption reduction exceeds 40%, solve the problem that isopropyl alcohol with similar boiling point in coal ethanol is difficult to separate efficiently, significantly improve the energy economy of whole process.