The invention discloses a method of extracting a lithium salt from lepidolite. The method comprises the following steps: roasting lepidolite mineral aggregates with CaO and Ca(CH3COO)2 in a plasma generator after ball-milling and mixing; reacting roasted materials with a dilute sulfuric acid solution and (NH4)2SO4 under a pressurized state, controlling an acid leaching temperature to 85-100 DEG C to obtain a solid-liquid mixture, cooling and freezing the solid-liquid mixture to separate potassium, rubidium, cesium and alum, filtering, adding alkali and removing impurities and depositing lithium to prepare the lithium salt. The method disclosed by the invention is capable of completely removing fluorine in the raw materials, reducing the equipment damages and environmental pollution caused by fluorine gas generation in a raw material roasting stage, improving the extraction and utilization efficiency of rare metal raw materials in the lepidolite raw material, lowering the energy consumption, shortening the reaction time and reducing the consumption of acid-base raw materials. The method disclosed by the invention is mild in condition, stable in operation process, short in production period, high in equipment efficiency, capable of realizing comprehensive utilization of resources, low in production cost and beneficial to realizing industrial production of extracting the lithium salt from the lepidolite.