The invention provides a low-temperature thermosetting waterborne peelable adhesive and a preparation method thereof. The peelable adhesive comprises the following components: 50-70 parts of waterborne polyurethane resin, 3-7 parts of a silane coupling agent, 3-7 parts of nano graphene, 1-2 parts of a dispersing agent, 1-5 parts of a film-forming agent, 0.1-1 part of a wetting agent, 1-1.5 parts of a defoaming agent, 0.5-2 parts of a thickening agent, 0.3-0.5 part of color paste and 20-40 parts of filler. The preparation method comprises the following steps: weighing the raw materials; diluting the thickening agent and preparing a nano graphene dispersion liquid; uniformly mixing the nano graphene dispersion liquid and the waterborne polyurethane for three times, sequentially adding the silane coupling agent, the film-forming agent, the wetting agent, the defoaming agent, the color paste, the thickening agent and the filler, and uniformly stirring to obtain the low-temperature thermosetting waterborne peelable adhesive. The low-temperature thermosetting waterborne peelable adhesive is curable at low temperature, good in flexibility, good in adhesive force, peelable and capable of adapting to CNC operation, and the preparation method is simple and environmentally friendly.