The invention discloses an inorganic vitrification-modified nano environment-friendly rubber material and a preparation method thereof. The inorganic vitrification-modified nano environment-friendly rubber material is prepared from epichlorohydrin rubber, acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer rubber, diene rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, regenerated rubber, light calcium carbonate, high-water-retentivity resin polyvinyl alcohol, a dispersing agent, a thickener, a whitener, zinc sulfide, foamed aluminum, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, nano silicon dioxide, an adhesive, cobalt naphthenate, molybdenum, nickel, propanediol and chromium. The inorganic vitrification-modified nano environment-friendly rubber material is specially used for building external walls, and effectively enhances various properties of the building external wall. The combination of the butadiene-acrylonitrile rubber, acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer rubber, diene rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber and regenerated rubber used as main materials greatly enhances the toughness of the inorganic vitrification-modified nano environment-friendly rubber material and effectively solves the problem of high cracking rupture tendency of the conveyer belt. The inorganic vitrification-modified nano environment-friendly rubber material can not generate harmful gases to the human body, has a perfect combination of high temperature resistance, tear resistance and other properties, and thus, is applicable to various severe working conditions. The asphalt-base carbon fibers are adopted to enhance the mechanical properties of the material, and can greatly adsorb and remove harmful gases and dust substances in the tail gas.