The invention relates to a method for preparing a flame-retardant core-shell acrylate resin coating and adhesive. The method comprises the following steps: adding water, an emulsifier and methacrylic acid into a reaction container, heating to the temperature of 60 DEG C, and stirring for 30 minutes; adding a monomer A, emulsifying for 45 minutes, heating to the temperature of 65 DEG C, introducing reflux water, heating to the temperature of 80 DEG C, preserving the temperature, dripping an initiator within 0.5-1 hour, and reacting for 2-3 hours after the dripping operation is finished, thereby obtaining core layer emulsion; simultaneously dripping a monomer B and an initiator into the obtained core layer emulsion within 0.5-1 hour, preserving the temperature to be 80 DEG C after the dripping operation is finished, and reacting for 2 hours; adding an inrumescent flame retardant, reacting at 80 DEG C for 2 hours, dripping a cross-linking agent, preserving the temperature to be 75-95 DEG C, reacting for 1-2 hours, cooling to the temperature of 50 DEG C, adding an emulsifier, semicarbazide and thiamine hydrochloride, reacting for 30 minutes, and adding ammonium hydroxide to regulate the pH value to 7-8, thereby obtaining the flame-retardant core-shell acrylate resin coating and adhesive. According to the obtained acrylate resin, the defect that the traditional acrylate resin is sticky when heated and fragile when cooled can be improved, and the flame-retardant property of the acrylate resin can be improved.