The invention relates to a composition containing an inorganic binder, as well as an application thereof, in particular to a cavity filling powdery foam material containing the inorganic binder, as well as application thereof, and aims to provide a cavity filling hydraulic inorganic powdery foam material, which has the advantages of low forming temperature, quickness in solidification, small density and high foam expansion, as well as application thereof. The inorganic powdery foam material is prepared from the following raw materials: cement, gypsum powders, coal ash powders, milled slag powders, quartz powders, silica fume, carbonate powders, a foaming agent, and coagulant powders. The inorganic powdery foam material provided by the invention has the advantages that the raw materials are easy to obtain, and the product is easy to preserve; when in use, the inorganic powdery foam material achieves high simplicity and convenience in operation, low forming temperature, quickness in solidification, small density and high foam expansion. The inorganic powdery foam material is applicable to fields such as underground filling or firefighting of coal mines, etc.