The invention discloses a cleaning device and method for resource recycling of a waste filter bag. The device comprises a negative-pressure ash chamber, a feeding platform, a double-roller brush, electromagnetic vibrators, compressed air blowing pipes, an air compressor, a cutting and tearing machine, an opener, high-pressure water pipes, an electric heating coil, a net curtain, a fiber collectinghopper, a dust remover, an exhaust fan, a sewage tank and a purified water tank. The method comprises the following steps of: carrying and transferring the waste filter bag through the feeding platform and the net curtain, removing loose and hardened dust on the surface of the filter bag through the powerful brush, removing the dust clamped in a filter material layer in an electromagnetic vibration mode, and blowing off the residual dust on the surface of the filter bag through compressed air; carrying out fragmentation treatment on the whole filter bag through the cutting and tearing machineand the opener, and flushing loose fragment fibers with high-pressure water to effectively remove remaining dust; and finally, heating the compressed air through the electric heating coil, carrying out drying treatment on the fragment fibers through hot air, and obtaining a clean raw material product capable of being recycled as a resource.