The invention discloses a rapid stripping device of an insulating layer of a cable head. The device comprises a rack, a first support, a second support, a third support, a fourth support, a fifth support, a spool rotationally mounted on the first support, a tensioning wheel rotationally mounted on the second support, a stripping assembly fixedly mounted on the third support, a cutter assembly fixedly mounted on the fourth support and a cable reel rotationally mounted on the fifth support, wherein the first support, the second support, the third support, the fourth support and the fifth supportare fixedly arranged on the rack sequentially. The device has the characteristics of being simple in structure and convenient and reliable to operate; flexible movement can be facilitated by means ofuniversal wheels, labor is saved, the insulating layer and a cable core are automatically collected after being separated, and the device is fully automatic in the whole process and high in strippingefficiency.