The invention discloses a preliminary processing method of flax stocks. The preliminary processing method comprises the following steps of trimming conveying, wherein a trimming conveyor is utilized to trim and then convey the flax stocks; thinning, wherein trimmed spread flax is thinned, so that the spread flax is consistent in thickness; stem smashing, wherein the trimmed spread flax is subjected to stem smashing, and xylem is grinded; feeding, wherein the thinned spread flax stocks subjected to stem smashing are continuously fed into a flax breaker; flax breaking, wherein fed stock fiber isseparated from the xylem to form long flax; carding, wherein long flax is sorted, and impurities are carded; pneumatic conveying, wherein dust, the impurities and short flax generated in the processare absorbed away through a pneumatic conveying channel; long flax collecting, wherein the carded long flax is collected and bundled into small bundles; short flax separation, wherein the impurities and the short flax are subjected to pneumatic conveying to a flax separation machine through the pneumatic conveying channel, and the short flax is separated; square bundling, wherein the long flax andthe short flax are bundled into square bundles through a packing machine, so that a finished product is obtained. The whole process is mechanized, the long flax rate is high, the quality is good, theduplicating rate is low, the pollution is small, and the preliminary processing method is safe and reliable.