97 results about "Strontium oxide" patented technology

The invention relates to the technical field of ceramics, in particular to a preparation method of a heat-resistant ceramic marmite. The heat-resistant ceramic marmite is composed of a green body and a glaze surface, and the green body is prepared from, by weight, 30-35 parts of fused quartz, 8-10 parts of petalite, 9-11 parts of kaolin, 19-21 parts of washed illite clay, 5-7 parts of sepiolite, 5-6 parts of andalusite, 7-9 parts of coal gangue, 0.2-0.7 part of zinc spinel and 2-3 parts of talc; the glaze surface is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 18 to 20 parts of fused quartz, 14 to 16 parts of petalite, 12 to 14 parts of kaolin, 5 to 6 parts of calcium oxide, 1.5 to 2 parts of zinc oxide, 1 to 1.5 parts of strontium oxide, 8 to 10 parts of spodumene, 0.6 to 0.8 part of lanthanum oxide, 8 to 10 parts of ZrSiO4 coated Al2O3 and 1.2 to 1.8 parts of pigment. The prepared ceramic marmite has the advantages of matt appearance, higher thermal stability, low water absorption rate and excellent comprehensive performance, and is not easy to crack and wear.

The invention provides a high-temperature-resistant magnesia-carbon composite refractory brick and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of magnesium oxide refractory wall bricks, the refractory brick comprises the following raw materials: double-layer modified magnesium oxide, modified crystalline flake graphite, zircon powder, modified liquid phenolic resin and a benzoxazine cross-linking agent; the double-layer modified magnesium oxide is obtained by firstly coating magnesium oxide with powder phenolic resin, aluminum oxide and zirconium oxide and then coating magnesium oxide with asphalt, micron magnesium oxide, zirconium oxide and calcium oxide; the modified crystalline flake graphite is obtained by coating crystalline flake graphite with strontium hydroxide, asphalt and boron carbide; the modified liquid phenolic resin is formed by mixing liquid phenolic resin with a silane coupling agent and a polyacrylate cross-linked polymer. Double-layer modified magnesium oxide, modified crystalline flake graphite and modified liquid phenolic resin are prepared by adopting special components and a method and are matched with zircon powder and a benzoxazine cross-linking agent for use, and a reasonable forming and sintering process is designed, so that the refractory brick has good high-temperature stability, oxidation resistance, thermal shock resistance and the like.

The invention discloses a deeply-curable zirconia-containing dental repair resin and a preparation method thereof.The preparation method comprises the steps that a double-bond-containing silane coupling agent is added into a zirconia dispersion liquid and a silicon dioxide dispersion liquid respectively, modification reaction is conducted in the stirring state, and a modified solution # imgabs0 # and a modified solution II are obtained; carrying out spray drying on the modified solution I and the modified solution II through a three-fluid spray head to obtain a zirconium oxide and silicon oxide nanocluster body; uniformly mixing and stirring the zirconium oxide and silicon oxide nanocluster with a methacrylate organic matrix and a photoinitiator; and carrying out light curing treatment on the mixture to obtain the zirconium oxide dental repair resin. The zirconium oxide dispersion liquid, the silicon dioxide dispersion liquid and the three-fluid spray head are matched, the mechanical performance is improved on the premise that the X-ray radiation resistance and the effective curing depth are guaranteed, the dependence of the industry on zinc oxide, barium oxide and strontium oxide is broken through, the problem that a zirconium oxide material cannot be deeply cured due to the high refractive index is solved, and the application prospect is good.

The invention belongs to the technical field of alumina ceramic preparation, and particularly relates to microcrystalline wear-resistant alumina ceramic and a preparation method thereof. The microcrystal wear-resistant aluminum oxide ceramic is prepared from the following raw materials: fused corundum powder, gibbsite, diopside, calcium fluosilicate, neodymium oxide, nickel aluminate, strontium oxide and sodium tripolyphosphate. According to the microcrystal wear-resistant aluminum oxide ceramic disclosed by the invention, the fused corundum powder and the gibbsite are used as main raw materials, so that the mechanical property of the prepared aluminum oxide ceramic is fundamentally ensured; diopside and calcium fluosilicate are used as fluxing agents, so that the firing temperature of the aluminum oxide ceramic is reduced, and the compactness is improved; neodymium trioxide, nickel aluminate and strontium oxide are used as wear-resistant assistants, and the wear resistance of the aluminum oxide ceramic is improved by improving the microstructure of the aluminum oxide ceramic, avoiding stress concentration at a grain boundary and generating a second reinforcement phase under the synergistic effect of the three assistants. Therefore, it is ensured that the prepared aluminum oxide ceramic has excellent wear resistance.

Provided is an anti-counterfeiting composition for anti-counterfeiting fibers, including a carrier, an anti-counterfeiting tracer and a dispersant, wherein the anti-counterfeiting tracer is composed of barium oxide, strontium oxide, aluminum oxide and zinc oxide, and a barium element content, a strontium element content, an aluminum element content, and a zinc element content in the anti-counterfeiting composition is controlled to a fixed feeding mass ratio; in percent by mass, the sum of the barium element content, strontium element content, aluminum element content, and zinc content accounts for 5-50% of the anti-counterfeiting composition; the carrier is a matrix polymer or a bio-derived oil. The anti-counterfeiting composition of the present disclosure can give the anti-counterfeiting fiber advantages of memory tracking properties and identification functions, high anti-counterfeiting capability, and good anti-counterfeiting concealment.

The present invention developed a composite having a novel structure containing, in a high content, a powder having a radiation-shielding function.　Provided is a composite having a radiation-shielding function and a method for producing the same. The composite comprises a preform made from a mixture containing a liquid silica-based binder and one or more radiation-shielding powders selected from gadolinium oxide, boron carbide, boron oxide, boron, barium sulfate, strontium oxide, tungsten, tungsten oxide, tungsten carbide, molybdenum, molybdenum oxide, iron powder, iron oxide powder, and ferrite powder, the radiation-shielding powder(s) being contained in the range from 3% to 85% in total. All of the voids in the preform are impregnated and filled with molten aluminum and solidification is allowed to occur to form a composite, or 25% or more of the voids in the preform are impregnated with a liquid organic / inorganic sealing agent and solidification is allowed to occur to form a composite. The liquid silica-based binder has properties that allow the preform to be formed at a temperature at which the radiation-shielding powder(s) does not decompose.

The application discloses a multilayer chip ceramic capacitor and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of ceramic capacitors. The multilayer chip ceramic capacitor comprises a silicon substrate layer, a dielectric ceramic layer, an internal electrode layer and an end electrode. The end electrode is arranged above the silicon substrate layer, and the internal electrode layer is arranged below the end electrode. The dielectric ceramic layer is arranged between the internal electrode layers. The dielectric ceramic layer is made of a nano-level barium titanate plate, and the barium titanate plate is doped with lanthanum oxide, strontium oxide and calcium oxide. The internal electrode layer is made of nickel particles and coated with rare earth oxides to reduce oxidation. The end electrode comprises a first corrosion-resistant layer, a second corrosion-resistant layer and a third corrosion-resistant layer. The third corrosion-resistant layer is fixedly connected to the top end of the silicon substrate layer. The second corrosion-resistant layer is arranged at the top end of the first corrosion-resistant layer. The third corrosion-resistant layer is arranged at the top end of the second corrosion-resistant layer. The end electrode can prevent metal migration during long-term use, and the contact effect is improved.

This application discloses a method for producing acetonitrile by amination of acetate, comprising the following steps: in a reactor, acetate, ammonia, and a catalyst are contacted and reacted to obtain acetonitrile; wherein the acetate is selected from at least one of methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate, and cyclohexyl acetate; the catalyst is composed of a support and alkaline earth metal oxides and alkali metal oxides supported on the surface of the support; wherein the support is selected from at least one of silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, and zirconium oxide; wherein the alkaline earth metal oxide is selected from at least one of magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, strontium oxide, and barium oxide; wherein the alkali metal oxide is selected from at least one of lithium oxide, sodium oxide, and potassium oxide; wherein the loading of alkaline earth metal oxide in the catalyst is 0.01–10 wt%, the loading of alkali metal oxide is 0.05–5 wt%, and the remainder is the support.

Glass compositions include silica (SiO2), alumina (Al2O3) and calcium oxide (CaO) as components and may optionally include lithium oxide (Li2O), magnesia (MgO), sodium oxide (Na2O), phosphorus oxide (P2O5), barium oxide (BaO), strontium oxide (SrO), B2O3 and other components. Glasses formed from the glass compositions may be characterized by high specific modulus and a high temperature at which the glass has a viscosity of 160 kP.

This invention discloses a radiation-resistant glass, its preparation method, and its application. The radiation-resistant glass comprises the following components in weight percentage: silicon dioxide 60%-70%; sodium oxide 13%-18%; zinc oxide 3%-6%; aluminum oxide 2%-6%; boron trioxide 1%-6%; strontium oxide 1%-3%; cerium dioxide 4.7%-5.5%; lanthanum trioxide / hafnium dioxide 1%-3%; and ammonium difluoride 0.3%-1%. The technical problem to be solved is to significantly improve the high-energy particle radiation protection and light transmittance of the glass by selecting a specific formulation.

The present application relates to the technical field of ceramic substrate, and proposes a breakdown-resistant multilayer ceramic substrate and a preparation method thereof.The breakdown-resistant multilayer ceramic substrate comprises the following components by weight: 85-95 parts of alumina, 4-6 parts of a first sintering aid, 2-3 parts of a second sintering aid, 2-4 parts of a dispersing agent, 7-9 parts of a binder, 2-3 parts of a plasticizer, and 60-70 parts of water; the preparation method of the first sintering aid comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing silicon dioxide and strontium oxide, melting, and then performing ball milling after water quenching cooling to obtain the first sintering aid; and the second sintering aid is a rare earth oxide.Through the above technical solution, the problem of insufficient breakdown resistance of the multilayer ceramic substrate in the prior art is solved.

The present disclosure provides a capacitor including a first electrode, a second electrode disposed spaced apart from the first electrode, a dielectric layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and including strontium titanium oxide, and a buffer layer disposed between the first electrode and the dielectric layer, wherein the buffer layer may include germanium oxide and a germanium material portion, and the germanium material portion may be composed of germanium uncombined with oxygen.

To develop a composite of a new constitution containing a powder having a radiation shielding function in a high content.SOLUTION: Molten aluminum is impregnated and filled into all voids of a preform made of a mixture containing one or more kinds of radiation shielding powders selected from gadolinium oxide, boron carbide, boron oxide, boron, barium sulfate, strontium oxide, tungsten, tungsten oxide, tungsten carbide, molybdenum, molybdenum oxide, iron powder, iron oxide powder, and ferrite powder and a liquid silica-based binder, the mixture containing the radiation shielding powders in a range of 3 to 85% in total; In the composite body having the radiation shielding function and the method for manufacturing the same, a liquid organic-inorganic sealing agent is impregnated and solidified to form the composite body, and a liquid silica-based binder has characteristics capable of forming a preform at a temperature at which the radiation shielding powder is not decomposed.SELECTED DRAWING: None

The invention discloses a method for preparing glycollic acid by catalyzing selective oxidation of ethylene glycol, which comprises the following steps of: sealing ethylene glycol serving as a substrate, water serving as a solvent and a transition metal catalyst A and an alkaline cocatalyst B serving as a catalytic system, and reacting at 40-160 DEG C in an oxygen atmosphere to obtain the glycollic acid, the transition metal catalyst A comprises a carrier and transition metal loaded on the carrier; the alkaline cocatalyst B comprises at least one of calcium oxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and strontium oxide. The method provided by the invention has the advantages of high glycollic acid selectivity, good catalyst stability, simple reaction process and the like.

The invention belongs to the technical field of ceramic lining plate preparation, and particularly relates to a wear-resistant ceramic lining plate and a preparation method thereof. The wear-resistant ceramic lining plate is prepared from the following raw materials: aluminum oxide, a sintering aid, aluminum titanate, modified urea resin microspheres, hafnium boride, tungsten disilicide and a KH-550 silane coupling agent, and the sintering aid is a mixture of niobium pentoxide, strontium oxide, lanthanum oxide and magnesium oxide. According to the wear-resistant ceramic lining plate, aluminum oxide serves as a main raw material, a mixture of niobium pentoxide, strontium oxide, lanthanum oxide and magnesium oxide serves as a sintering aid, a compound of modified urea-formaldehyde resin microspheres, hafnium boride and tungsten disilicide serves as a reinforcing and toughening phase, aluminum titanate serves as a conditioning agent, and the raw materials have a synergistic effect; and it is ensured that the prepared ceramic lining plate has good wear resistance, hardness and toughness.

The present disclosure provides a novel positive electrode active material for a chloride ion battery, a method for manufacturing the same, a positive electrode mixture for a chloride ion battery comprising such a positive electrode active material, and a chloride ion battery comprising such a positive electrode mixture. The positive electrode active material for a chloride ion battery according to the present disclosure is strontium ruthenium oxide having a layered perovskite structure. A method for producing a positive electrode active material for a chloride ion battery according to the present disclosure comprises the steps of: (a) preparing a raw material mixture by mixing strontium carbonate and ruthenium oxide; (b) granulating the raw material mixture to form granules; and (c) firing the particles. The positive electrode mixture for a chloride ion battery according to the present disclosure contains the positive electrode active material for a chloride ion battery according to the present disclosure. The chloride ion battery of the present disclosure has a positive electrode active material layer, and the positive electrode active material layer contains the positive electrode mixture for the chloride ion battery of the present disclosure.

The utility model provides a high-performance strontium ferrite magnetic core. A magnetic core conduction module is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the bottom plate, a conduction coil is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the magnetic core conduction module, a magnetic core conduction column is placed in the conduction coil, a strontium oxide sleeve shell is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the magnetic core conduction module, and the strontium oxide sleeve shell is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the bottom plate. When the strontium ferrite magnetic core is installed in electronic equipment, magnetic signals can be conducted and transmitted through a conduction coil which is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the magnetic core conduction module, magnetic core conduction columns are arranged in the conduction coil, double-output magnetic signal conduction can be formed by the magnetic core conduction columns and the conduction coil arranged on the outer side, and therefore the magnetic signals can be transmitted to the electronic equipment. The synchronous work of the magnetic core conduction column and the conduction coil is changed into double-thread magnetic signal conduction from original overall magnetic conduction, so that the effect of improving the conduction efficiency of the magnetic core device is achieved, and the effect of high-performance magnetic signal conduction is achieved.

The invention relates to a method of providing an ore concentrate solution suitable for beneficiation processing, the method including the step of contacting an ore with one or more metal bases at elevated temperature. The one or more metal bases at elevated temperature may form a super-alkaline media that partially or fully dissolves the ore. Typically, the one or more metal bases are alkali metal bases, preferably chosen from lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, rubidium hydroxide or caesium hydroxide, or alkaline earth bases, preferably chosen from calcium hydroxide, barium hydroxide or strontium hydroxide. The one or more metal bases at elevated temperature may form a super-alkaline media that partially or fully dissolves the ore.

This application relates to the technical field of electromagnetic wave absorbing materials, and particularly to a lightweight radar absorbing material and its applied coating. The lightweight radar absorbing coating is composed of the following components by weight: film-forming resin 25-30%, additives 0-15%, and the balance is modified absorbent; the modified absorbent is prepared by blending and modifying a core-shell magnet and a coating emulsion; the core-shell magnet is prepared by atomically depositing strontium oxide on the surface of iron oxide; the coating emulsion is composed of polycarbonate polyol, diisocyanate, and a catalyst. The coating prepared from the above components effectively takes into account both lightweight and anti-radar effects, and has extremely remarkable effects when applied to special fields such as aircraft.

The invention relates to a method for adjusting the reaction yield of piperazine and triethylene diamine prepared from ethylenediamine, which comprises the following steps: taking an ethylenediamine aqueous solution as a raw material, taking a ZSM-5 molecular sieve as a spherical catalyst of an active center, taking a fixed bed reactor as a reactor, reacting at the temperature of 300-360 DEG C at the mass space velocity of 0.1-4h <-1 >, inert ceramic balls or ceramic rings with the height of 0.5 m are placed below the catalyst bed layer, the ceramic balls or ceramic rings are composed of alpha-phase aluminum oxide, an auxiliary agent is added in the raw material feeding process, the auxiliary agent is one or a mixture of more of potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, strontium hydroxide, sodium aluminate and potassium aluminate, and the raw material feeding process is completed; the yields of piperazine and triethylene diamine products are adjusted by adjusting the addition amount of the auxiliary agent, the reaction temperature and the feeding mass space velocity of the raw materials, and the adjustment range of the reaction product piperazine to triethylene diamine is 1: (0.2-0.9). According to the method disclosed by the invention, the yield of piperazine and triethylene diamine can be adjusted according to industrial production and market demand conditions.

The invention discloses a photovoltaic cover plate glass capable of being strengthened and resisting scratch as well as a preparation method and application of the photovoltaic cover plate glass. The strengthened scratch-resistant photovoltaic cover plate glass comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 78-82% of silicon dioxide; 1.8 to 2.5 percent of aluminum oxide; 12.8 to 13.7 percent of diboron trioxide; 1.0 to 4.5% of sodium oxide; 0-0.1% of potassium oxide; 0.5-2% of lithium oxide; 0-0.1% of magnesium oxide; 0-0.1% of calcium oxide; 0-0.1% of strontium oxide; and 0-0.1% of barium oxide. According to the strengthened scratch-resistant photovoltaic cover plate glass disclosed by the invention, the Vickers hardness of the photovoltaic cover plate glass is 830 to 839 by controlling the proportion and performance parameters of the components, the photovoltaic cover plate glass is free from obvious scratches, and the average transmittance of the photovoltaic cover plate glass under 200 to 1100nm is 91.32 to 91.51 percent; and scratches are not easily caused.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a composite high-temperature-resistant leather material. 35-40 parts of PVC resin, 4-7 parts of a plasticizer, 2-5 parts of a heat stabilizer, 2-5 parts of a silane coupling agent and 5-8 parts of an antibacterial agent are stirred and mixed uniformly to obtain a first material body; according to the composite high-temperature-resistant leather material, the PVC resin is matched with the plasticizer, the heat stabilizer, the antibacterial agent and other raw materials, then the silane coupling agent serves as an interface auxiliary, the leather fibers serve as a reinforcing agent, and the added modified filler and modified strontium oxide are mutually blended, coordinated and jointly synergized, so that the product is excellent in antibacterial and self-cleaning performance, and the service life of the product is prolonged. Meanwhile, the stability of the product is remarkable under the scrubbing and high-temperature conditions.

The invention provides a chromium-free iron-based gas phase fluorination catalyst as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of fluorine chemical industry. Based on 100 parts by mass of a carrier, the catalyst comprises 20-40 parts by mass of fluoride of iron; 5-15 parts by mass of a first auxiliary agent, wherein the first auxiliary agent comprises metal fluorides of one or more elements selected from titanium, tin and antimony; 5-10 parts by mass of a second auxiliary agent, wherein the second auxiliary agent comprises one or more of calcium peroxide, strontium peroxide, magnesium peroxide, potassium permanganate, zinc peroxide and sodium percarbonate; 1-3 parts by mass of a binder; and 100 parts by mass of a carrier. A proper amount of the specific second auxiliary agent is added into the catalyst, so that the catalyst can be decomposed at a proper temperature to release heat and generate oxygen, the oxygen can be provided through decomposition of the second auxiliary agent in the fluorination reaction process, carbon deposition on the catalyst is eliminated in situ, and the service life of the catalyst is prolonged; the catalyst is free of chromium element, non-toxic and environment-friendly; the raw materials are easily available, and the cost advantage is prominent.

The application discloses a high imaging resolution optical glass blank for a medium-free holographic imaging element, and particularly relates to the field of optical glass blanks, and comprises the following components in mass fraction: 100-125 parts of silicon dioxide, 12-25 parts of boron oxide, 10-18 parts of sodium oxide, 5-12 parts of aluminum oxide, 6-15 parts of strontium oxide, 2-6 parts of magnesium oxide, 1-4 parts of calcium oxide, 0.8-2.5 parts of cerium oxide and 0.2-1.0 parts of praseodymium oxide. The rare earth ion doping structure formed by the cerium oxide and the praseodymium oxide is embedded in the silicon-oxygen-boron-oxygen network structure formed by the silicon dioxide and the boron oxide during the glass melting process, and a group of valence state trapping energy structures are formed. The free state ion migration inhibition network formed by the rare earth ion trapping energy structure and the limited skeleton mechanism is constructed, so that the nonlinear amplification problem that the pattern boundary is blurred and misread due to the high-frequency scattering induced by trace impurities in the prior art is solved.

The invention discloses a samarium monatomic and strontium-doped neodymium oxide composite catalyst and a preparation method thereof, a nonylphenol electrochemical sensor and application thereof. The preparation method of the composite catalyst comprises the following steps: adding resorcinol, a formaldehyde solution and Sm (NO3) 3.6 H2O into an absolute ethyl alcohol-based colloidal suspension to carry out sol-gel treatment, and carrying out carbonization and etching to obtain Sm-SAC; the preparation method comprises the following steps: dropwise adding a first solution containing strontium hydroxide and neodymium nitrate hexahydrate into a second solution containing 1, 2, 3-triazole, trimesic acid and polyvinylpyrrolidone to prepare a Sr-Nd bimetallic precursor, annealing to obtain strontium-doped neodymium oxide, adding the Sm-SAC and the strontium-doped neodymium oxide into water, and carrying out ultrasonic dispersion, centrifugation, washing and drying to obtain the composite catalyst. The composite catalyst provided by the invention has strong adsorption capacity, efficient electrocatalytic oxidation activity, excellent anti-interference capability and structural stability, and the sensor has high recovery rate, low signal attenuation and excellent reusability.

The invention relates to the technical field of ceramic substrates, and provides an anti-breakdown multilayer ceramic substrate and a preparation method thereof. The breakdown-resistant multilayer ceramic substrate comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 85-95 parts of aluminum oxide, 4-6 parts of a first sintering aid, 2-3 parts of a second sintering aid, 2-4 parts of a dispersing agent, 7-9 parts of a binder, 2-3 parts of a plasticizer and 60-70 parts of water, the preparation method of the first sintering aid comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing silicon dioxide and strontium oxide, melting, quenching, cooling, and carrying out ball milling to obtain the first sintering aid; the second sintering aid is a rare earth oxide. According to the technical scheme, the problem of insufficient breakdown resistance of the multilayer ceramic substrate in the prior art is solved.

We provide phosphate glass with a high refractive index and low density. [Solution] The glass composition contains phosphorus oxide (P2O5), niobia (Nb2O5), barium oxide (BaO), and potassium oxide (K2O) as essential components, and may optionally contain titania (TiO2), calcium oxide (CaO), sodium oxide (Na2O), lithium oxide (Li2O), bismuth oxide (Bi2O3), strontium oxide (SrO), tungsten oxide (WO3), and other components, with the total of TiO2 + Nb2O5 being 1.0 mol% or more and 55.0 mol% or less. The glass can be characterized by a high refractive index at 587.56 nm at relatively low density at room temperature.

The glass composition includes phosphorus oxide (P2O5), niobium oxide (Nb2O5), barium oxide (BaO), and potassium oxide (K2O) as essential components, and can optionally include titanium oxide (TiO2), calcium oxide (CaO), sodium oxide (Na2O), lithium oxide (Li2O), bismuth oxide (Bi2O3), strontium oxide (SrO), tungsten oxide (WO3), and other components. The glass can be characterized as having a high refractive index at 587.56 nm with a comparable room temperature low density.

The application discloses an ultraviolet photosensitive alkali-free glass substrate and a manufacturing method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of glass. The technical scheme is as follows: the components include the following components in percentage by mass: 62-72% of silicon dioxide, 8-12% of diboron trioxide, 10-16% of aluminum oxide, 2-5% of barium oxide, 1-3% of magnesium oxide, 1-3% of calcium oxide, 1-3% of strontium oxide, 2-5% of zinc oxide, 0.5-1.5% of tin dioxide and 2-4% of a photosensitive agent, wherein the photosensitive agent is silver fluoride and cerium tetrafluoride in a mass ratio of (1-2):(1-2). The application improves the through-hole manufacturing efficiency and precision, reduces the production cost, and is expected to promote the further development of semiconductor packaging technology.

The use of selective deposition of silicon nitride can eliminate conventional patterning steps by allowing silicon nitride to be deposited only in selected and desired areas. Using a silicon iodide precursor alternately with a thermal nitrogen source in an ALD or pulsed CVD mode, silicon nitride can be deposited preferentially on a surface such as silicon nitride, silicon dioxide, germanium oxide, SiCO, SiOF, silicon carbide, silicon oxynitride, and low k substrates, while exhibiting very little deposition on exposed surfaces such as titanium nitride, tantalum nitride, aluminum nitride, hafnium oxide, zirconium oxide, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, tantalum oxide, niobium oxide, lanthanum oxide, yttrium oxide, magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, and strontium oxide.