The invention relates to a high-vacuum low-temperature container molecular sieve adsorbing device and a filling process thereof. The high-vacuum low-temperature container molecular sieve adsorbing device comprises an inner container and an outer container, wherein the inner container is provided with a process manhole and the outer container is provided with an anti-explosion hole. The filling process comprises the steps of: charging nitrogen in an adsorbing agent containing container to reach pressure atmosphere, and then opening the anti-explosion hole, connecting a vacuumized rubber pipe, connecting a corrugated pipe with a molecular sieve, starting a vacuum pump, slowly opening a feeding valve, enabling a molecular sieve adsorbing agent to continuously flow into a molecular sieve device under the action of negative pressure, after the molecular sieve adsorbing agent is filled with the molecular sieve device, dismantling the corrugated pipe, then plugging the corrugated pipe with ascrew plug, finally, stopping the vacuum pump, unplugging the vacuum rubber pipe, and closing the anti-explosion hole, and ending the filling of the whole molecular sieve adsorbing agent. The invention has the characteristic of better adsorbing effect, and has the advantages of increasing the load capacity of the whole vehicle, saving the cost, being more convenient for maintenance, improving thewhole quality of a low-temperature container, improving the labor intensity and the operation environment of workers, enhancing the production efficiency, and being convenient and simple in replacingthe molecule sieve.