The invention discloses an industrial sewage treatment system and purification method, belonging to the technical field of environmental protection. The sewage treatment system comprises a sewage collection pipeline (1), a cooling pipe (2), a water storage tank (3), a first precipitation tank (4), an oil-water separator (5), a second precipitation tank (6), an ozone tank (7), a third precipitation tank (8), a disinfection tank (9) and a clarification tank (10). The purification method comprises the following steps: cooling, primary adsorption, water storage, precipitation, oil-water separation, heavy metal ion removal, cyanide removal, sulfide removal, disinfection, secondary adsorption and purified water discharge. The system and method can be used for removing various pollutants, can thoroughly remove the pollutants, has high purification efficiency, and effectively prevents environmental pollution; and the effluent water can achieve the National Water Pollution Discharge Standard.