The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental protection, and particularly relates to a device and method for online collection of an atmospheric fine particulate matter concentrated solution and measurement of heavy metal elements. The device comprises a float flowmeter, a concentrated airflow vacuum pump, a main airflow vacuum pump, a drying pipe, a mass flow controller, a collision type PM2.5 cutting head, a condensation system machine, a water tank, an electric heating rod, a virtual cutter, a biological sampling bottle, two micro-injection pumps, an automatic sampler, an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer and the like. According to the device, particulates are blended into liquid through links of sampling, condensation, concentration and the like, so that the concentration of the particulates is improved by one order of magnitude, the concentration effect is better than that of similar products, and the problems of sample pollution, high reagent loss and the like in a traditional filter membrane collection monitoring method are effectively avoided; and the concentration technology and an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry are combined to measure the heavy metal, the detection rate can be greatly increased, the sampling time can be greatly shortened, artificial intelligence atmospheric particulate online detection is possible, and the device and method can be widely applied to environment monitoring.