The invention relates to an intelligent monitoring system for high and low temperature heat exchange in a dilute acid concentrating process. The system comprises a monitoring controller, a first temperature induction module, a second temperature induction module, a storage module, a wireless transmission module, a first early warning module, a second early warning module, a display module, a login verification module and a communication module; the monitoring controller receives information, sets a temperature threshold, and emits early warning information according to the received information; the first and second temperature induction modules monitor temperatures of an air inlet and an exhaust vent of a heat exchanger; the first and second early warning modules receive alarming instructions that the temperatures of the air inlet and the exhaust vent of the heat exchanger are lower than a threshold from the monitoring controller, and raise the alarm according to the instruction; and the communication module can sends early warning information to a user in real time. According to the invention, the heat exchanger is effectively prevented from obstruction caused by that SO2, SO3 and water vapor form a condensing acid and solid scales, and industrial production is safe, stable and efficient.