The invention relates to a method for recovering rare earth in neodymium-iron-boron waste by high-temperature and high-pressure leaching. The neodymium-iron-boron waste is subjected to oxidation roasting, hydrochloric acid high-temperature and high-pressure leaching, and oxidation and impurity removal purification on Fe2+ in a leachate so as to obtain a rare-earth chloride leachate; and the rare-earth chloride leachate can be used as a subsequent process and a product raw material, rare earth is obtained through extraction and separation, rare earth carbonate is prepared through precipitation,or rare earth oxide is prepared through precipitation-roasting. According to the method, a closed high-pressure reaction kettle is adopted as leaching equipment, so that the dynamic condition of theleaching process is excellent, the requirement for the particle size of the leached raw materials is low, a large amount of dust generated by the fine grinding process of the raw materials is avoided,the leaching rate of rare earth in the leaching process is high, the utilization rate of hydrochloric acid is high, no acid gas is discharged, energy is saved, and the environment is protected; and in addition, the method has the advantages of being short in process flow, simple in process conditions and low in recovery cost, and the method has considerable economic, social and environmental protection benefits for large-scale recovery of the neodymium-iron-boron waste.