The invention discloses an anti-corrosion process for a steel structure. The anti-corrosion process comprises the following steps of S1, surface pretreatment of the steel structure, S2, surface descaling of the steel surface, S3, preparation of waterborne rust anticorrosive coating for the steel structure, S4, preparation of a primer, S5, steel structure coating, and S6, paint coating quality inspection and acceptance. The anti-corrosion process combines the characteristics of an epoxy emulsion and an acrylic emulsion to improve the comprehensive performance of the coating, a polyaniline emulsion is directly added into the coating to solve the compatibility problem between polyaniline and other polymer emulsions and the stability problem of the prepared anticorrosive coating, the anti-corrosion performance of the coating is improved, acid and active hydrogen in conversion liquid and polyaniline can promote the curing of the epoxy resin to be used as a curing agent for an epoxy emulsion, the process is simple, and the cost is low. The anti-corrosion process of the steel structure is simple, has good anti-corrosion performance and simple construction, can greatly reduce the labor intensity of coating, has high weather resistance, and can realize long-term protection for the steel structure.