The invention relates to a method for optimizing sweet potato polysaccharide extraction conditions based on a response surface method. The method comprises the following steps: peeling and cutting sweet potatoes into strips, performing freezing-drying, drying, smashing and sieving; extracting sweet potato polysaccharide by a water extraction and alcohol precipitation method, and determining variable parameters of sweet potato polysaccharide extraction by a response surface method; adding petroleum ether for degreasing, and adding ethanol into the precipitate; adding water and performing extracting; performing centrifuging, performing concentrating, adding absolute ethyl alcohol, standing overnight, and performing centrifuging to prepare a crude polysaccharide solution; removing protein, performing decolorizing, performing concentrating and performing dialyzing to obtain crude sweet potato polysaccharide. Variable parameters of sweet potato polysaccharide extraction are determined by adopting a response surface method, and a four-factor three-level response surface analysis test is designed, so the optimal extraction process condition of sweet potato polysaccharide is optimized, anda reference basis is provided for comprehensive development and utilization of sweet potatoes. The actual value is very close to the theoretical predicted value. Therefore, the response surface optimization of the Design-Expert software on the sweet potato polysaccharide extraction process condition is reliable, and the method has a practical value.