The invention discloses a self-insulating and fire-proof building material. The raw materials for preparing the self-insulating and fire-proof building material include: glass fiber, polystyrene particles, high-alumina cement, asbestos, polytetrafluoroethylene, lithium chloride, polyamide, ceramics Cotton, calcined kaolin, ferrous sulfate, magnesium oxide, silica fume, magnesium sulfate, water reducing agent, foaming agent, flame retardant, foam stabilizer, bauxite, nano rubber powder, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, Polyacrylamide, sodium alginate and polyethylene glycol. The self-insulating and fire-proof building material of the present invention has a reasonable formula, and through the interaction of various components, it has the characteristics of high temperature resistance, and can further improve the fire resistance of the heat-insulating board by cooperating with adding a flame retardant. It effectively solves various defects of the existing building insulation materials, and meets the national requirements for the fire protection grade and heat preservation of building insulation boards. The thermal conductivity of the self-insulating fire-proof building material of the present invention is not greater than 0.047W/(m·k), and the compressive strength is not less than 0.82Mpa, which can meet the requirements of class A fire prevention and has the advantages of convenient construction and the like.