311 results about "Clostridium bacteria" patented technology

The invention discloses clostridium and application thereof in fermentation production of alcohol, and belongs to the technical field of industrial microorganisms. The clostridium is a carbon monoxide eating clostridium strain GG6, and is preserved in the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC), the preservation number is CGMCC No.34975, and the preservation time is June 23, 2025. The clostridium is a carbon monoxide eating clostridium strain GG6 which is preserved in the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC), the preservation number is CGMCC No.34975, and the preservation number is CGMCC No.34975. The carbon monoxide eating clostridium GG6 is obtained by enriching tail gas flue sediments of a coal chemical plant through an abundant culture medium, evolving a screening culture medium and sorting single bacteria, the bacterial strain is fermented by taking synthesis gas (CO / H2 / CO2) as raw material gas to generate acetic acid, ethanol, butyric acid and butanol, the thallus biomass OD600 is more than or equal to 6, the concentration of produced ethanol is more than or equal to 10g / L, the concentration of produced butanol is more than or equal to 2.5 g / L, and the concentration of produced butanol is more than or equal to 2.5 g / L; and commercialized implementation of butanol production through gas fermentation is facilitated.

The invention provides a clostridium endophyllum engineering bacterium as well as a construction method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of biology, compared with a wild type strain, the clostridium endophyllum engineering bacterium can only produce acetic acid in a low-pH environment under the condition of taking CO2 and H2 as raw materials, and does not generate by-products such as ethanol, lactic acid, 2, 3-butanediol and the like. Besides, the fermentation liquor of the clostridium endophyllum engineering bacteria can be directly used as an acidic substrate to adjust the pH value of downstream yeast fermentation liquor, meanwhile, automatic addition of a carbon source is achieved, zero addition of inorganic salt in the cascade conversion process from CO2 and H2 to grease or yeast protein is achieved, and the economical efficiency and environmental friendliness of the whole process are improved.

The invention discloses a preparation method of bacterial powder of clostridium butyricum, and belongs to the technical field of bacterial powder preparation. The preparation method of the bacterial powder provided by the invention comprises the following steps: adding a regulator for regulating culture, heating, and adding a protective agent for freeze drying. Experimental results show that the preparation method of the bacterial powder provided by the invention has high viable bacterium yield, and the loss of clostridium butyricum in the preparation process of the bacterial powder is reduced; the bacterial powder obtained according to the bacterial powder preparation method still has the retention rate of 90% or above after being stored for a long time for 180 days at the temperature of 35 DEG C, which indicates that the survival ability of clostridium butyricum is remarkably improved. The preparation method of the bacterial powder is simple in process, easy to operate and environmentally friendly, and the cost cannot be remarkably increased. The clostridium butyricum microecological product provides a new strategy for preparation and activity maintenance of clostridium butyricum microecological products, can be applied to the fields of animal husbandry industry and medical care, and has a wide application prospect.

The invention discloses a compound micro-ecological preparation for aquatic products as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of micro-ecological preparations. The microecological preparation disclosed by the invention comprises clostridium butyricum, bacillus licheniformis, enterococcus faecalis and lactobacillus plantarum. The microecological preparation is combined with concentrated cottonseed protein for use, can replace fish meal, is added into feed, can remarkably improve the immunocompetence, oxidation resistance and digestive enzyme activity of animals, and can improve the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria in intestinal tracts, inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria and regulate the microecological balance of the intestinal tracts after entering the intestinal tracts of the animals. According to the invention, aerobic bacteria and anaerobic bacteria are cooperatively used, oxygen in the surrounding environment is greatly consumed by bacillus licheniformis and enterococcus faecalis, the proliferation of beneficial bacteria such as clostridium butyricum and lactobacillus plantarum is promoted, and the probiotic effect is fully played.

Compositions comprising aptamers capable of specifically binding to a surface protein of Clostridium difficile spore are provided. A method for detecting, enriching, separating, and / or isolating Clostridium difficile spores is provided.

The invention discloses a method for improving the performance of clostridium aerovorans for synthesizing ethanol by utilizing gas fermentation. The method comprises the following steps: enabling the clostridium aerovorans to over-express ethanol synthesis pathway genes ald, adhE1 and adhE2; the expression of genes CLJU23220, CLJU25810 and CLJU25840 in the synthetic route of the 2, 3-butanediol is inhibited; and overexpressing acetic acid reuse genes aor1 and aor2. According to the clostridium yangdall engineering bacteria constructed by the method, the yield of ethanol synthesized by fermentation of synthesis gas is increased by 700% or above and reaches 1.70 g / L or above, and the synthesis amount of a by-product acetic acid is reduced by 18%.

The invention belongs to the technical field of biological fermentation hydrogen production. The invention provides a method for producing hydrogen by dark fermentation of pericarp biomass, which comprises the following steps: drying pericarp, crushing, and sieving to obtain powdery pericarp particles; performing acid heat pretreatment on the powdery fruit peel particles to obtain fruit peel pretreatment liquid; and inoculating the clostridium butyricum solution into the pericarp pretreatment liquid, and carrying out dark fermentation under an anaerobic condition to obtain a fermentation gas containing hydrogen. According to the method, the pericarp byproducts are used for dark fermentation for hydrogen production, so that high-value recycling utilization of agricultural wastes is realized; lignin in the pericarp is effectively removed through acid heat pretreatment, the availability of cellulose and hemicellulose is remarkably improved, conditions such as acid concentration, temperature and time are optimized, the inhibition effect of by-products is avoided, and the hydrogen production efficiency is remarkably improved; moreover, the method has the advantages of good stability and high repeatability, and provides a new technical approach for efficient production of clean energy.

The invention belongs to the field of molecular biological detection, and provides a joint detection composition which mainly utilizes a multiple fluorescent PCR analysis method to detect related pathogens, so that detection and distinguishing of at least four of clostridium praerzii, eubacterium rectum, streptococcus salivarius, clostridium tenella, prevotella and escherichia coli are simultaneously realized in a single-tube reaction system. Meanwhile, the detection sensitivity of the composition is higher and reaches 500 copies / mL, and the detection is more accurate.

The invention discloses a prebiotic composition capable of proliferating intestinal beneficial flora and a preparation method thereof, and the prebiotic composition comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35-45 parts of partially hydrolyzed complex gum, 30-40 parts of green banana resistant starch, 15-25 parts of enzymolysis okra polysaccharide and 3-5 parts of tea polyphenol. According to the composition, the partially hydrolyzed complex gum with specific molecular weight, the green banana resistant starch, the enzymolysis okra polysaccharide and the tea polyphenol are scientifically compounded, so that efficient proliferation of intestinal effective microbial communities and comprehensive and positive regulation and control of intestinal microenvironment are realized, and the composition is prepared by utilizing four components with complementary functions and different effects. The bacillus amyloliquefaciens can effectively proliferate traditional beneficial bacteria such as bifidobacteria and lactobacillus, can effectively nourish butyric acid producing bacteria such as clostridium praeparatum and inhibit growth of harmful bacteria, so that the bacillus amyloliquefaciens has the function of remarkably improving intestinal flora disorder caused by ampicillin, and has the functions of promoting generation of short-chain fatty acid and maintaining intestinal barriers.

The invention relates to the technical field of fermentation and purification of clostridium histolyticum collagenase, and discloses a fermentation and purification method of clostridium histolyticum collagenase, which comprises the following steps: step 1, clostridium histolyticum is inoculated into an enrichment medium according to an inoculum size of 2%, the enrichment medium comprises 1g / L of beef extract, 1g / L of peptone, 1g / L of yeast powder, 3g / L of gelatin and 100mL of ultrapure water, and the pH value is 7.4-7.6; step 2, adding 50.5 [mu] L of Fe < 2 + > and 500 [mu] L of Ca < 2 + > into the enrichment culture medium; step 3, performing fermentation culture for 24 hours at 37 DEG C under an anaerobic condition, and performing centrifugation to obtain fermentation supernate. By determining 37 DEG C as the optimal fermentation temperature, 1% nitrogen source concentration and 24-hour fermentation time and innovatively introducing 2.8 mg / 100mL Fe < 2 + > and 10.0 mmol / L Ca < 2 + > as key additives, the clostridium histolyticum collagenase with high expression quantity and high enzyme activity is obtained, the collagenase activity (A-345 <->) is increased from 0.790 U / L to 0.903 U / L, meanwhile, the high protein concentration of 40-45 mg / mL is kept, and the clostridium histolyticum collagenase is suitable for industrial production. Liver and gall tissues of mice can be digested in a short time, and bile duct cells are extracted for organoid culture.

The invention relates to the technical field of functional food, and discloses a food fermentation-based detoxifying, beautifying and antioxidant prescription and a preparation method thereof. The prescription is based on medicinal and edible plants such as black beans, red dates, mulberries, haws, Chinese wolfberry fruits, prepared rehmannia roots, rhizoma polygonati and the like; the purple cabbage powder, the pumpkin powder, the dandelion root powder, the tremella polysaccharide, the quinoa germ powder and the bamboo leaf flavonoid extract are compounded, and the lactobacillus acidophilus and the clostridium butyricum are subjected to synergistic fermentation treatment. The preparation method comprises the steps of raw material pretreatment, mixed saccharification, constant-temperature anaerobic fermentation, after-ripening, sterilization, drying forming and the like. The product is rich in polyphenols, flavonoids, short-chain fatty acids and oligosaccharides, and has remarkable functions of resisting oxidation, clearing bowels, expelling toxins, beautifying, protecting skin and regulating immunity. The optimal fermentation time is 120 hours, compared with a traditional fermentation period, the method has better polyphenol release efficiency and antioxidant activity, the process is mild, the method is suitable for preparing liquid drinks, powder or freeze-dried oral granules, the safety is high, and industrial popularization is easy.

The invention relates to the field of microorganisms, in particular to bacillus subtilis, a fungicide and application of the fungicide. The invention discloses a bacillus subtilis strain, which is classified and named as bacillus subtilis, has a strain number of GXGD-YZ-2483, is preserved in Guangdong Microbial Culture Collection Center on March 13, 2025, and has a preservation number of GDMCC No: 66014. The bacillus subtilis can tolerate the high temperature of 70-90 DEG C, has excellent self-heat production performance, and can produce lignin degrading enzymes (laccase, manganese peroxidase and / or lignin peroxidase) and inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria (escherichia coli, salmonella, clostridium perfringens and / or aspergillus flavus). When the bacillus subtilis or the microbial inoculum prepared from the bacillus subtilis is used for biologically composting organic wastes, a lignin barrier can be efficiently cracked by secreting a lignin degrading enzyme system, lignin degradation, nitrogen retention and pathogenic bacteria inactivation can be synchronously realized by virtue of high temperature resistance, self-heat production characteristics and enzyme activity stability, the composting period is shortened, and the yield of the organic wastes is improved. The humification quality is obviously improved.

The invention discloses an intestinal flora marker and application thereof in diagnosis and treatment of anxiety disorder. According to the present invention, the intestinal flora marker comprises a specific strain Lacnospiraceae bacterium.1 of the genus of Horsespirillum, Odorobacter splanchnicus, Coprococcus dexterous, and Clostridium aldenense, and the intestinal flora marker comprises a specific strain Lacnospiraceae bacterium.1 of the genus of Horsespirillum, Odorobacter splanchnicus, Coprococcus dexterous, and Clostridium aldenense, the ROC curve analysis of the intestinal flora marker as a detection variable of anxiety disorder has high specificity and sensitivity, so that the intestinal flora marker can be used as a detection marker to be applied to diagnosis of anxiety disorder patients. The intestinal flora marker disclosed by the invention is used as a detection marker of anxiety disorder, is completely noninvasive and is high in accuracy.

The invention discloses an SYBR Green I fluorescent dye quantitative PCR (polymerase chain reaction) method for identifying clostridium butyricum, and belongs to the technical field of molecular detection. The invention provides a primer pair for qPCR (quantitative polymerase chain reaction) identification of clostridium butyricum. The primer pair comprises an upstream primer and a downstream primer, the nucleotide sequence of the upstream primer is as shown in SEQ ID NO. 1; 1, and the nucleotide sequence of the downstream primer is as shown in SEQ ID NO. 2. The identification sensitivity is high, the detection limit is 7.2 * 10 < 2 > CFU / mL, the specificity is strong, and the repeatability is good. Meanwhile, the bacterial genome is obtained by cracking the bacterial liquid with the crude extraction cracking liquid, so that the genome obtaining process is simplified. According to the method, the concentration of the clostridium butyricum liquid in the sample is directly obtained through standard curve conversion, the problems that a clostridium butyricum identification method is complex, long in consumed time, low in efficiency and the like are effectively solved, and a more convenient identification method is provided for related research of clostridium butyricum.

The invention provides a clostridium difficile infection and recurrent infection prediction model construction system, a storage medium and a kit, and the method comprises the steps: collecting an excrement sample of a Crohn disease subject through a collection module, and obtaining the genus-level relative abundance information of a flora genus level; the feature selection module adopts an LEfSe and Lasso feature screening algorithm to screen out a feature bacterial genus set; the training module is used for training prediction models by using an ElasticNet method based on genus-level relative abundance information of the characteristic bacterial genus set; the identification module obtains genus-level relative abundance information of a characteristic bacterium genus set of an individual to be tested and inputs the genus-level relative abundance information into the trained prediction model to obtain a risk score, and the prediction ability shows excellent sensitivity, specificity and accuracy in a training set and an independent test set.

The invention discloses a method for rapidly enriching pit mud high-yield caproic acid functional flora and application, and belongs to the technical field of baijiu brewing microorganisms. According to the method, the aged pit mud which is screened through tests and has better quality is used as seed mud, and the selected high-quality pit mud is subjected to step-by-step amplification culture by adopting a specific culture medium. The obtained bacterial community is a caproic acid producing bacterial community (85%) with the caproic acid producing clostridium as the main body, and the bacterial community can produce more than 10 g / L of caproic acid and less than 2 g / L of butyric acid. The mixed flora obtained by the method disclosed by the invention can be used for culturing and repairing the pit mud, increasing the caproic acid-producing main flora in the pit mud, promoting the pit mud to be aged, preventing the pit mud from being aged and hardened, and effectively improving the quality of raw wine at the same time. And the mixed flora can also be used for fermenting the byproduct yellow water of the Luzhou-flavor liquor to produce caproic acid at high yield, and can be further used for producing high-quality flavoring liquor.

The invention discloses bacillus velezensis, a microbial preparation as well as a preparation method and application of the microbial preparation, and relates to the technical field of microorganisms. The bacillus velezensis strain is preserved in the China Center for Type Culture Collection, and is named as bacillus velezensis XNW-BLSYB1, the preservation number is CCTCC NO: M 2025721, the preservation time is April 8, 2025, and the 16S rDNA sequence of the bacillus velezensis strain is as shown in SEQID No.1. The bacillus velezensis strain has the advantages that the bacillus velezensis strain is named as bacillus velezensis XNW-BLSYB1; the spore formed by the bacillus velezensis XNW-BLSYB1 strain can survive at high temperature, and can inhibit the reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and inhibit the activity of bacteria such as streptococcus suis, infectious actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, clostridium perfringens, pasteurella multocida and escherichia coli.

Disclosed herein are methods for administering a dose of a microbiota recovery therapy composition by colonoscopy. The methods disclosed herein are useful for the treatment of diseases and / or conditions of the digestive tract, such as Clostridium difficile infection (GDI), including recurrent GDI, and other gastrointestinal disorders. The method can result in improved quality of life. These methods are capable of altering the gut microbiota composition and / or the gut metabolome composition. The microbiota recovery therapy composition comprises a fecal microbiota suspension comprising: a fecal microorganism derived from a human fecal sample, and a solution of polyethylene glycol and brine.

The invention provides a breeding method suitable for breeding litopenaeus vannamei in saline-alkali soil, and relates to the technical field of aquaculture. According to the breeding method suitable for breeding the litopenaeus vannamei in the saline-alkali soil, the proportion of Ca < 2 + > to Mg < 2 + > to K < + > in a water body is optimized to be 2.8: 1: 0.3 by customizing a compound ion regulation and control solution, SO4 < 2-> / Cl <-> is controlled to be 0.14-0.8, and the pH is stabilized to be 8.2-8.8 in combination with a citric acid-sodium citrate buffer system; a slow-medium-fast segmented domestication strategy is adopted to adapt to different development stages of the fries; ethanol clostridium protein (CAP) is added into the feed to be combined with compound probiotics, so that immune metabolism regulation and control are enhanced. Experiments prove that according to the method, the survival rate of the litopenaeus vannamei seedlings reaches 86.3% + / -2.1%, the culture period is shortened by 12-15 days, the hepatopancreas SOD activity is improved by 42.6%, the vibrio inhibition rate reaches 78.5%, and the method is remarkably superior to the prior art. The method does not need large-scale pond transformation, adapts to different types of saline-alkali soil water bodies, realizes efficient green culture, and has important application value.

The invention provides an aquatic product fermented feed containing probiotics. The fermented feed is prepared from the following raw materials: fish meal, soybean meal, peanut meal, flour, bone meal, fish soluble, soybean oil, phospholipid and the probiotics. According to the invention, the breathing valve fermentation bag is used, so that anaerobic bacteria and probiotics which play a role are cultivated and fermented under an anaerobic or semi-anaerobic condition. Meanwhile, the breeding and growth of aerobic harmful bacteria can be inhibited through anaerobic culture, and the growth of beneficial bacteria such as bacillus, lactic acid bacteria and clostridium butyricum is facilitated; the compounded probiotic group is screened, acid can be stably produced within a short time, the acid production content is high, and after a period of culture, the biological growth curve of the screened probiotic group can reach a balanced state within about 2 days; the compounded probiotic group can generate butyric acid, lactic acid and other substances through metabolism, so that the PH of the digestive tract of the fish body is reduced, the reproduction of beneficial bacteria is promoted, and the growth of harmful bacteria is inhibited.

The invention discloses selenium functionalized clostridium butyricum-bacillus subtilis composite probiotic freeze-dried powder as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The compound probiotic freeze-dried powder is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: 20 to 30 parts of compound probiotic bacterial sludge, 10 to 20 parts of trehalose, 20 to 30 parts of fructo-oligosaccharide, 20 to 30 parts of dried skim milk, 8 to 10 parts of sodium alginate and 1 to 2 parts of calcium chloride. The preparation method comprises the following steps: blending selenium-functionalized clostridium butyricum, bacillus subtilis and a freeze-drying protective agent in sodium alginate hydrogel, and further performing vacuum freeze-drying to obtain the composite probiotic freeze-dried powder. The freeze-dried powder prepared by the invention continuously releases hydrogen through metabolism of probiotics, shows excellent active oxygen scavenging ability, and shows outstanding application value in the field of intestinal injury treatment. The method disclosed by the invention is simple and efficient in process and has good potential of large-scale production.

The invention discloses clostridium butyricum for promoting wheat seedling stage growth and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of microbial agents. The clostridium butyricum is clostridium butyricum JBH-BD1 and is preserved in the China Center for Type Culture Collection, and the preservation number of the clostridium butyricum is CCTCC NO: M 2022151; the fermentation liquor prepared from the clostridium butyricum by using the fermentation method disclosed by the invention is high in viable bacteria quality, strong in stability, low in cost and simple in preparation method; the microbial fertilizer prepared from the clostridium butyricum JBH-BD1 can increase the germination number of wheat, effectively promote the growth of wheat in the seedling stage, promote the fresh weight and dry weight of wheat roots in the seedling stage, the soil water content and the like, has the effect obviously superior to that of other bacterial fertilizers, and has outstanding application value in the aspect of wheat growth.

The invention relates to a method for producing a water environment protective agent by fermenting hermetia illucens larva slurry, and belongs to the technical field of microbial fermentation. According to the present invention, the hermetia illucens larvae are adopted as the main raw material, the main raw material is ground into the slurry through the colloid mill, the small amount of the carbon source is supplemented, the Phaffia rhodozyma CGMCC NO.29217, the Bacillus coagulans CGMCC NO.5233 and the Clostridium butyricum CGMCC NO.4729 are subjected to the mixed bacteria synergistic fermentation, and the produced product can be widely used in the aquaculture and other application scenarios. Fermented hermetia illucens larva serous fluid is rich in astaxanthin, a fermented product has obvious acid fragrance and no peculiar smell, the total number of probiotics is larger than or equal to 5.0 * 10 < 8 > cfu / g, the pH value is smaller than 4.50, and the content of small molecule active polypeptide (acid soluble protein) of the fermented product is increased by 2.5-3 times compared with that before fermentation. Bacillus subtilis CGMCC (B) 63501 is used as indicator bacteria to detect that the content of bacteriostatic active substances after fermentation of hermetia illucens larva serous fluid is larger than 1.0 g / kg, pathogenic bacteria such as salmonella, vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio cholerae are not detected, and normal-temperature storage can be achieved. The preparation method is low in production cost, easy to operate, safe and free of residues, and the economic benefits of aquaculture can be improved.

The invention discloses an anaerobic bacterial agent and a method for improving the anaerobic methane production rate of medium-temperature and medium-temperature cellulose. The compound anaerobic microorganism liquid bacterial agent is prepared from clostridium termite, thermophilic anaerobe of ethanol, clostridium swardii and methanosarcina barkeri, and the compound anaerobic microorganism liquid bacterial agent is prepared from the following raw materials: clostridium termite, thermophilic anaerobe of ethanol, clostridium swardii and methanosarcina barkeri, and the compound anaerobic microorganism liquid bacterial agent is prepared from the following raw materials: the compound anaerobic microorganism liquid bacterial agent, the compound anaerobic microorganism liquid bacterial agent, the compound anaerobic microorganism liquid bacterial agent and the compound anaerobic microorganism liquid bacterial agent, the compound anaerobic microorganism liquid bacterial agent, the compound anaerobic microorganism liquid bacterial agent and the compound anaerobic microorganism liquid bacterial agent, and the compound anaerobic microorganism liquid bacterial agent is prepared from the compound anaerobic microorganism liquid bacterial agent and the compound anaerobic microorganism liquid bacterial agent. The microbial inoculum is formed by compounding four strains of synergistic bacteria, the culture process is simple and easy to implement, and when the microbial inoculum is applied to medium-temperature and medium-temperature anaerobic digestion, the conversion rate of cellulose to methane (greater than 40%) and the yield of methane (greater than 120%) can be remarkably improved.

This invention belongs to the field of bioengineering and carbon one-carbon resource utilization technology, specifically relating to a bacterial strain that produces acetic acid and acetate through syngas fermentation, as well as its applications and methods. The strain is *Clostridium yongdarii* (…). Clostridium ljungdahlii SL40, deposited at the Guangdong Provincial Microbial Culture Collection Center (GDMCC No. 67679) on January 15, 2026, represents a strain that achieves highly efficient H2 / CO2 conversion in syngas, with a maximum CO2 utilization rate of 1.8 g / L / h. The anaerobic fermentation process produces zero pollutants, enabling resource utilization and carbon reduction of industrial waste gas, and providing a new technological pathway for carbon resource conversion.

The application provides a preparation of a fermentation bed and application of waste of the fermentation bed in preparation of special organic fertilizer for rice, belongs to the technical field of livestock breeding, and specifically relates to a fermentation bed for cattle breeding, which comprises raw materials: rice straw, rice husk, quicklime, corn flour, wheat bran, sawdust and mixed bacteria liquid A; the mixed bacteria liquid A comprises Bacillus subtilis, Clostridium butyricum, Rhodopseudomonas palustris, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactobacillus acidophilus; and a special organic fertilizer for rice, which comprises components: the above-mentioned waste fermentation bed, rice straw, rice husk, wood ash, mixed bacteria liquid B and mixed enzyme preparation; the provided fermentation bed can effectively degrade cattle manure, solve the problem of dirty and smelly breeding environment, and effectively reduce the incidence of diseases such as cattle diarrhea; and the provided special organic fertilizer for rice meets the nutritional requirements of rice planting, improves the yield and stress resistance of rice, and prevents or reduces the occurrence of diseases.

The invention discloses a compound microbial agent and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of microbial agents. The method specifically comprises the following steps: adding clostridium butyricum fermentation centrifugate into a fermentation tank, adding a nitrogen source, a carbon source and inorganic salt into the fermentation tank, then adding a bacillus subtilis solution and a bacillus licheniformis solution, stirring at a certain temperature and a certain rotating speed, fermenting for a period of time, then adding a lactic acid bacteria solution, and fermenting for a period of time at a certain rotating speed; stirring and fermenting at a certain rotating speed at a certain temperature, detecting the pH value after fermenting for a period of time, and when the pH value is reduced to 4.3-4.5, obtaining the compound microbial agent. The prepared compound microbial agent can improve the saline-alkali soil, effectively improve the pH of the saline-alkali soil, consume soil salinity and improve the crop germination rate.

The present invention relates to methods and compositions for reducing the risk and severity of C. difficile infection. It is based, at least in part, on the discovery that a restricted fraction of the gut microbiota, including the bacterium Clostridium scindens, contributes substantially to resistance against C. difficile infection. Without being bound by any particular theory, it is believed that this is achieved through the biosynthesis of secondary bile acids.

The present invention relates to the genetic modification of a bacterium of the genus Clostridium, generally a solvent-producing bacterium of the genus Clostridium, in order to allow the production of propan-2-ol or a mixture comprising propan-2-ol and ethanol by said bacterium. Furthermore, methods, tools and kits for obtaining said bacteria, the genetically modified bacteria obtained and uses thereof are described.