159 results about "Oxidation-reduction process" patented technology

The present invention belongs to the field of hollow material preparing technology, and is especially the preparation process of hollow ball of inorganic matter, metal, organic matter and composite structure with hollow polymer ball as template. The present invention prepares composite hollow ball through combining hollow polymer ball template with sol-gel, deposition reaction, oxidation-reduction process and through forced interface process or surface deposition process; and obtain hollow ball of inorganic matter, metal and organic matter through high temperature sintering or selective solvent extraction to eliminate template polymer. The control of hollow ball structure and size and the compounding of several kinds of matters may be realized through controlling reactant activity, material feeding mode, reactant concentration and circulating reaction process. The hollow ball has excellent dispersivity, high strength and size stability. The present invention also relates to the application of these hollow structure materials.

The invention discloses a method for preparing high-quality graphene in large scale by intercalation stripping of graphite by chemical method. The main principle and approach are as follows: inserting some reagent into graphite intercalation by chemical method, then adding energy or some reagent to make intercalation material rapidly and violently react to release air and stripping graphite into graphene. The specific embodiment proposal comprises means of liquid phase stripping, solid phase stripping and two-step liquid phase and solid phase combined stripping. The prepared graphene has high single intercalation quality and few detects since it does not go through oxidation and reduction processes. The oxygen content is only 1.63% and is the lowest in known graphene preparation method by graphite. There is no impurity or molecule absorbed on the graphene surface. The invention has low cost, high yield, simple and feasible preparation method and low energy consumption and is suitable for large scale generation.

A process for preparing the micron-class spherical silver powder used for electrically conductive Ag slurry features that in the redox procedure, the silver nitrate solution is dripped into reducer and disperser while the ammonia water is used to regulate the pH value of solution, and the kind of disperser, stirring speed, and reaction temp and time are regulated.

The invention belongs to the field of materials with a hollow structure, in particular to a method for preparing double-layer hollow spheres and hollow spheres with multi-layer compound structures by using a template method. The invention prepares the compound hollow sphere by taking a polymer hollow sphere as a template and combining sol-gel, settlement reaction and redox process through the method of forcing interface or surface settlement, removes the template polymer through high sintering or selective extraction of a solvent to obtain the hollow spheres of minerals, metals and organic matters. The structure and the size of the hollow sphere can be controlled through controlling the reagent activity, the feeding mode, the reagent concentration and a circulation reaction method; besides, compounding of various matters can be realized; the hollow sphere of the invention not only has good dispersing performance, but also has excellent strength and size stability. The invention relates to the application of the materials with a hollow structure.

The invention discloses low-alloy high-strength cast steel, and a smelting and heat treatment method thereof. The cast steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 0.17-0.22% of carbon, 0.20-0.60% of silicon, 0.80-1.20% of manganese, less than or equal to 0.020% of phosphorus, less than or equal to 0.015% of sulfur, 0.45-1.05% of chromium, 0.4-0.9% of nickel, 0.4-0.95% of molybdenum and less than or equal to 0.30% of copper, and the balance of iron and inevitable impurities. An electric arc furnace oxidation-reduction method or a medium-frequency induction furnace is used for smelting. After a wind power planet carrier casting poured by the low-alloy cast steel disclosed by the invention is heated, the mechanical properties can be stably achieved, the strength of extension is greater than or equal to 830Mpa, the yield strength is greater than or equal to 790MPa, the extension rate is greater than or equal to 12%, and the impact absorption power with a lower temperature of minus 40 DEG C is greater than or equal to 27J.

The invention discloses a method for preparing a graphene / semiconductor quantum dot composite material, which belongs to the technical field of inorganic nano materials and prepares the graphene / semiconductor quantum dot composite material by preparing solution of single-layer graphene and solution of quantum dots and uniformly mixing the solution of graphene and the solution of quantum dots. The surfaces of the quantum dots synthesized by using mercaptan acid as a stabilizer of the invention have carboxyls, while the surfaces of graphene slices prepared by a chemical oxidation reduction process have hydroxys; therefore, the carboxyls can be bonded with the hydroxys by covalent bonds to form the graphene / quantum dot composite material. As the graphene and the quantum dots mutual soluble in water, ligand disreplacement or modification is avoided. Thus, the preparation process is simplified greatly and the cost is lowered.

The invention discloses a method for preparing a metal silver nanostructure in water solution, which includes the steps: determining types and proportions of initial reactants according to requirements of different morphologies and evenly mixing the initial reactants to obtain precursor water solution; growing silver nanostructures in the precursor water solution at the constant temperature of 50-105 DEG C; and centrifugally separating and washing reaction solution to obtain silver nanostructures of different morphologies. Inert gas for protection is omitted, reaction temperature is low, the preparation process is simple, the cost is low, and the method overcomes the shortcomings of complicated preparation procedures, low yield, high cost and the like of a traditional polyhydroxy reduction method, a traditional illumination method and a traditional oxidation reduction method, and has important significance for industrial mass production and practical application of the silver nanostructures of different morphologies.

The invention discloses an electrically enhanced internal anaerobic zero-valent iron reactor, belonging to the technical field of water treatment. Two graphite electrodes are arranged inside an anaerobic reactor and connected with an external direct current regulated power supply through a wire to simulate growth of microorganisms; meanwhile, the oxidation reduction process of the graphite electrodes also strengthens reductive decoloration of azo dyes. The graphite electrodes are arranged in the anaerobic internal biological zero-valent iron reactor, dissolution of iron is regulated by applying micro-voltage, and the buffer capacity of the reactor to acidification is strengthened. Coupling of an external power supply and zero-valent iron can also accelerate sludge granulation, efficiently enhance the decomposition capacity to organic compounds and realize rapid starting and high-efficiency running of the anaerobic reactor. A bench scale experiment shows that after the micro-voltage is applied, the rapid starting and the sludge granulation of the anaerobic reactor can be realized within 41 days, and the electrically enhanced internal anaerobic zero-valent iron reactor has stronger shock resistance.

The invention relates to a double-cathode material and a water-based secondary battery. An active material of the double-cathode material is simultaneously from a cathode and an electrolyte solution, wherein the cathode comprises a cathode active material; the cathode active material is a compound, into which bivalent zinc ions can be extracted and inserted; the electrolyte solution comprises an electrolyte and a solvent; the electrolyte comprises a soluble zinc salt and a soluble manganese salt; and the solvent is water. When the charging voltage of the double-cathode material is greater than 1.8V (vs.Zn / Zn<2+>), manganese ions are subjected to electrochemical oxidation-reduction process when zinc ions and the manganese ions in the electrolyte solution synergistically act; and high specific capacity and cycling stability of the cathode material are achieved, so that the capacity of the double-cathode material is greater than 200mAhg<-1>; the double-cathode material has the outstanding characteristics of being low in cost, long in lifetime, friendly to environment and the like, can be quickly charged and discharged, and is wide in application prospect as the cathode material for the water-based secondary battery.

A system for treating abnormalities of the cardiovascular system includes a stent having a porous therapeutic agent carrying zone comprising oxidation and reduction products of one or more metals in the stent framework. Another embodiment of the invention includes a method of manufacturing a therapeutic agent carrying stent comprising exposing a metallic stent framework to oxidizing and reducting conditions, and forming a therapeutic agent carrying zone on the surface of the stent framework that includes oxidation and reduction products of one or more metals in the stent framework.

The invention provides a graphene dispersing agent as shown in a formula (I), a formula (II) or a formula (III) in the Specification. The graphene dispersing agent consists of a naphthalene tetracarboxylic acid bisimide unit, an anion group and an alkyl chain. Firstly, the naphthalene tetracarboxylic acid bisimide unit and graphene have strong attraction to each other, so that the whole molecules can be combined with the graphene; secondly, the anion group has excellent water solubility, so that the combined object of the molecules and the graphene can be fully dispersed in water; moreover, the alkyl chain can be used for separating the naphthalene tetracarboxylic acid bisimide unit from the anion group, so that the naphthalene tetracarboxylic acid bisimide unit and the anion group can act independently. Therefore, through the combination of the naphthalene tetracarboxylic acid bisimide unit, the anion group and the alkyl chain, the graphene dispersing agent provided by the invention has excellent graphene dispersing capability; the graphene prepared by using the graphene dispersing agent and adopting an ultrasonic method is not subjected to the oxidation-reduction process, so that the flaw content is low, and the preparation cost is low.

The invention discloses a composite material used as a lithium air battery positive electrode and a preparation method thereof. The composite material comprises nanometer manganese dioxide (MnO2) and porous carbon which are compounded on the molecular level and are bonded by a hydrogen bond; and the molar ratio of the porous carbon to the nanometer MnO2 is 10:1 to 20:1. The porous carbon is uniform in aperture and large in specific surface area; the nanometer MnO2 is low in cost, non-toxic, high in average voltage and energy compatibility and extremely high in catalytic activity; and moreover, overpotential can be effectively reduced. The nanometer MnO2 used as a catalyst is deposited on the surface of the porous carbon material by a hydrothermal method or an oxidation-reduction method, so that precious metal salt is avoided, the cost is low, the practicability is high, the composite material is clean and environment-friendly, and the requirement on environment protection is met; and in addition, the method is simple and feasible, and complicated and harsh reaction conditions and side reaction are avoided.

The invention relates to a method for preparing magnetic ferric oxide nano particle, belonging to the technological field for preparing inorganic non-metal magnetic nano material. The invention prepares ª†-Fe2O3 nano particle in stick shape and cubicalª†-Fe2O3 nano particle with the grain size being 20 nm under lower temperature by using the action of particular organic additive and inorganic salt and employing ferric iron salt as raw material without the oxidation-reduction course. The invention is characterized by simple process and easy to control the particle shape.

The invention provides a preparation method of tetramethyl biphenyl, which comprises the following steps: mixing halogenated o-xylene, magnesium metal, iodine, ether and transition metal catalyst, and reacting to obtain the tetramethyl biphenyl, wherein the mol ratio of ether to magnesium metal is (0.5-3):1. Compared with the prior art of synthesizing tetramethyl biphenyl from halogenated o-xylene, the invention has the following advantages: by using the raw material halogenated o-xylene as the solvent, the preparation of the format reagent and the coupling reaction are carried out in the initial raw material, so that the addition of abundant anhydrous solvent as the reaction medium is not needed, thereby lowering the reaction cost and simplifying the production technique; the magnesium metal is directly added into the halogenated o-xylene to obtain the format reagent, so the process is simple and the conditions are mild and controllable; and the raw material, the concentration of which in the reaction system is high, is used as the solvent and participates in the oxidation-reduction process in the coupling reaction, no oxidizer is needed, so the reaction conditions are mild and controllable.

The invention discloses a preparation method of graphene. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) reacting graphite powder, sodium nitrate and concentrated sulfuric acid at -5 DEG C to 0 DEG C; (2) adding potassium permanganate, and reacting to prepare graphite suspension liquid; (3) adding dilute sulphuric acid and ultrasonically processing; (4) adding de-ionized water; (5) adding a hydrogen peroxide solution till all gas escapes; (6) adding hydrochloric acid, fully reacting to obtain a product, and washing the product by using the de-ionized water; (7) fully dispersing deposits in the de-ionized water; and (8) adding oxalic acid powder, and reacting to remove excessive oxalic acid. According to the preparation method, a physical process is combined with a chemical process and the intercalation and stripping degree of graphite oxide is increased, so that the preparation efficiency of graphene is improved and the yield is increased by 25%-30% in comparison with that of an oxidation-reduction process in the prior art; in addition, the preparation method achieves high-yield preparation of high-quality graphene, has the characteristics of simple process and the like and is suitable for large-scale production of multi-layer graphene, and the product performance is excellent.

The invention belongs to the field of materials with a hollow structure, in particular to a method for preparing hollow spheres of minerals, metals and organic matters and hollow spheres of compound structures as well as hollow spheres with photic, electrical, magnetic and catalytic properties and hollow spheres with compound structures thereof by taking a polymer hollow sphere as a template through a swelling polymerization method. The invention prepares the compound hollow spheres by taking the polymer hollow sphere as a template and combining sol-gel, settlement reaction and redox process through the method of forcing interface or surface settlement, removes the template polymer through high sintering or selective extraction of a solvent to obtain the hollow spheres of minerals, metals and organic matters. The structure and the size of the hollow sphere can be controlled through controlling the reagent activity, the feeding mode, the reagent concentration and a circulation reaction method; besides, compounding of various matters can be realized; the hollow sphere of the invention not only has good dispersing performance, but also has excellent strength and size stability. The invention relates to the application of the materials with a hollow structure.

The invention relates to a novel nano supermolecular conductive polymer, a method for preparing the same and an application of the same. The novel nano supermolecular conductive polymer is obtained by polymerization of cucurbit (7) urea and aniline in water solution. The synthetic process of the novel nano supermolecular conductive polymer is completely performed in water phase, and the whole process is easy and feasible. As shown by the results of AFM and TEM experiments, the cucurbit (7) urea and aniline nano supermolecular conductive polymer takes the form of one dimensional nanometer linear aggregate. Moreover, compared with polyaniline synthesized by the prior art, the electrochemic property of the nano supermolecular conductive polymer is obviously different. Due to the stabilization of the cucurbit urea on cationic free radicals, the cucurbit (7) urea and aniline nano supermolecular conductive polymer can perform reversible redox process within wide pH value range. The nano supermolecular conductive polymer has wide application prospect in the nano supermolecular material technical field.

The invention discloses a preparation method of an adsorbent for olefin / alkane mixed gas separation. the preparation method comprises the following steps: after vanadium chloride, terephthalic acid, hydrofluoric acid and water are mixed, a hydrothermal reaction is carried out to obtain MIL-47(V<3+>) containing impurities; under the assistance of ultrasonic wave, low temperature activation treatment is carried out to remove impurities so as to obtain MIL-47(V<3+>); and by a solution impregnation method, Cu<2+> is loaded on MIL-47(V<3+>), and autoxidation-reduction is carried out to reduce the loaded Cu<2+> to Cu<+> so as to obtain the adsorbent. By using MIL-47(V<3+>) obtained by low temperature activation treatment as a carrier, Cu<2+> is firstly loaded, and then the loaded Cu<2+> is reduced to Cu<+> by the process of autoxidation-reduction. The preparation process is simple, and conditions are mild. The prepared adsorbent can be used to realize high-selective separation of olefin / alkane mixed gases.

The invention relates to a preparation method of a graphene / polymer composite hydrogel thin film. The method comprises the steps of performing suction filtration on graphene aqueous dispersion to obtain a graphene hydrogel thin film by taking the graphene aqueous dispersion prepared through an oxidation reduction process as a raw material, and performing impurity removal on the prepared graphene hydrogel thin film by soaking; 2) transferring and soaking the graphene hydrogel thin film after impurity removal into an aqueous solution dissolved with polymeric monomers and initiators, and completing soaking for later use; 3) taking out the hydrogel thin film obtained in the step 2) from the solution, transferring into a reaction vessel, performing polymerization reaction by using the polymeric monomers, putting the hydrogel thin film into water after completing the reaction, soaking, and removing the unreacted polymeric monomers and initiators to obtain the graphene / polymer hydrogel thin film. The graphene / hydrophilic polymer composite hydrogel thin film obtained through the preparation method disclosed by the invention ensures that the specific surface area of graphene can maintain a relatively stable value in the composite hydrogel, and has higher application values.

The invention discloses a method for preparing a ferroferric oxide / carbon / nano-graphite sheet nanocomposite material in situ and relates to preparation of inorganic nanocomposite materials. The problems that the physical properties are reduced or the ferroferric oxide is non-uniform in load in the process of preparing the ferroferric oxide / graphene composite material or in the graphene oxidation-reduction process are solved. The method comprises the following steps: adding a ferric iron salt, a ferrous iron salt, expanded graphite and a carbon-based compound into water containing a reaction promoter for mixing, performing ball milling by using a ball mill, thereby obtaining a composite dispersion system with good dispersion; mixing the composite dispersion system and a substance which can be heated to decompose a hydroxide ion, adding the mixture into a closed high-pressure hydrothermal reaction kettle, reacting at high temperature, taking out the reaction product, performing suction filtration, drying, grinding, thereby obtaining the ferroferric oxide / carbon / nano-graphite sheet nanocomposite material. The method disclosed by the invention is used for preparing the ferroferric oxide / carbon / nano-graphite sheet nanocomposite material in situ.

A method to measure redox potentials and concentrations of redox active substances in an aqueous solution is described. The method is based on measurements of transmembrane electric potential through an electroconductive polymer membrane, for example, through a d,l-camphor sulfonic acid (CSA) doped polyaniline (PANI) membrane. Transmembrane electric potential demonstrates good Nernstian response as a function of redox potential in solutions,of the redox couples of Fe2+ / Fe3+ and Fe(CN)64− / Fe(CN)63−. The membrane gives good response to redox active substances such as L-Ascorbic acid and redox active dyes Neutral red, Nile blue and N-phenylanthranilic acid that do not induce satisfactory response on Pt electrode. The lower detection limits can be as low as 0.2 mM. In the absence of redox processes it is also possible to measure Cl− concentration at least from 0.05 mM to 100 mM.

The invention discloses a double-membrane slow-release fertilizer containing a biostimulant. The double-membrane slow-release fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50-60 parts of a double-coated fertilizer, 10-20 parts of diammonium hydrogen phosphate and 14-18 parts of a potash fertilizer; and the double-coated fertilizer is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 85-95 parts of a fertilizer core, 3-7 parts of a coating agent and 4-6 parts of a second coating agent. The invention further discloses a preparation method of the double-membrane slow-release fertilizer containing the biostimulant. The double-membrane slow-release fertilizer containing the biostimulant has double effects of a fertilizer and a pesticide and is complete in nutrient and balanced in release, fruit tree growth can be promoted, metabolism of fruit trees and absorption and utilization of various nutrients are promoted, absorption and utilization of the fruit trees on the nutrients and moisture of soil are improved, the utilization rate of a fertilizer is significantly improved, diseases and pests of the fruit trees can be effectively prevented and controlled, the oxidation-reduction process in fruit tree bodies is accelerated, and the quality of the fruits is significantly improved, thereby achieving the target of increasing both production and income.

The invention discloses a catalyst for dimethyl ether catalytic combustion and the preparation method and the application. The catalyst is that: firstly, manganese oxide octahedron molecular sieve can be prepared by an oxidation-reduction method, then a third metal component Fe, Ni, Cu, Ce or Cr are loaded. The catalyst of the invention is suitable for the dimethyl ether catalytic combustion, when the volume ratio of air or air mixture and dimethyl ether is 50, the dimethyl ether is entirely catalyzed to combust at the temperature ranging from 150 to 375 DEG C; the invention provides a cheap, efficient and clean catalyst for the catalytic combustion of the clean energy dimethyl ether, can reduce combustion temperature, decrease pollutant discharge and improve the using efficiency of energy.

A method for making Nano-scale lead-free solder includes the following steps of: forming a mixture solution Sn—Ag or Sn—Ag—Cu; making NaBH4, NaOH and alkyl C12H25OSO3Na to a reducing dispersing solution; producing reactant Sn—Ag or Sn—Ag—Cu by means of the oxidation reduction method; and adding 95% ethanol to be mixed, and cleaning the reactant by using a supersonic vibrator for removing boron (B) and sulfur (S) atom which adhere to the reactant, thereby producing the Nano-scale (0.1˜100 nm) lead-free solder Sn-3.5Ag or Sn-3.5Ag-xCu (x=0.2˜1.0).

The invention discloses a preparation method of a platinum / nickel hydroxide-cobalt hydroxide / graphene three-dimensional composite catalyst, and application of the platinum / nickel hydroxide-cobalt hydroxide / graphene three-dimensional composite catalyst in a direct methanol fuel cell. A three-dimensional structured carrier including a multi-stage hole channel is constructed by utilizing the three-dimensional structure of graphene in combination with the net structure of nickel hydroxide-cobalt hydroxide; the aggregation problem of graphene is overcome to a certain degree; simultaneously, the ultra-high specific surface area and the good conductivity of graphene can make up the disadvantage that the conductivity of nickel hydroxide-cobalt hydroxide is poor; therefore, electron transfer and mass transfer in an oxidization-reduction process can be promoted; the dispersibility and the stability of catalyst particles are improved; the catalytic activity of a Pt catalyst to methanol is further increased by utilizing the catalytic performance of nickel hydroxide-cobalt hydroxide to methanol oxidation; and the use amount of the noble metal Pt is reduced. The method disclosed by the invention is simple in step, convenient to operate and high in practicability.

The invention provides a preparation method of a graphene oxide / manganese dioxide composite material. The method comprises the following steps of firstly mixing graphite, an intercalator, an oxidant and water and then reacting to obtain a graphene solution which is not completely oxidized; and then mixing the graphene solution which is not completely oxidized in the previous step and a manganese source again and reacting to obtain the graphene oxide / manganese dioxide composite material. According to the preparation method provided by the invention, a hydrogen peroxide reduction process, a later separate oxidation reduction process and a repeated cleaning process are not needed; and after intercalation and exfoliation of graphite, a one-step oxidation-reduction hydrothermal method is directly utilized to prepare the composite material in situ on the basis of incomplete oxidation, so that the operation steps are greatly reduced, the energy consumption is reduced, the exfoliation time is shortened and the structure dispersity of the composite material is also improved. The preparation method is simple in process, mild in condition, safe, environment-friendly and suitable for large-scale industrial production; and the composite material has relatively good wave absorbing property and absorption width.

The invention relates to the technical field of an organic semiconductor material, and provides a preparation method of a high thermal conductivity graphene thin film. The preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing expanded graphite; mixing the obtained expanded graphite and an organic solvent; carrying out ultrasound dissociation on an expanded graphite organic solvent mixed liquid so as to obtain a graphene microchip suspension liquid; and preparing a graphene thin film by using the graphene microchip suspension liquid. The preparation method has the following advantages that the preparation method is suitable for low-cost industrial large-scale production of the high thermal conductivity graphene thin film, does not refer to high temperature and high pressure and is low in energy consumption; the oxidation-reduction process is not adopted, the lattice structure of the graphene is not damaged, and the obtained product has high thermal conductivity; and meanwhile, as the oxidation-reduction process is not adopted, acid-base or other poisonous effluent is not generated, and the organic solvent can be repeatedly used and is environment-friendly.

A rechargeable battery with aluminium anode containing a non aqueous electrolyte consisting of an ether as solvent and a lithium salt of an imideIt is welt known that the ionisation energy of aluminium to Al3+ is about 12 times as big as the ionisation energy of lithium to Li1+. The redox potential however does not reflect this big difference because of the high enthalpy consumed in the formation of aluminium hydroxide when it goes from the anode to the aqueous electrolyte.Also the use of aqueous electrolyte do not allow the aluminium batteries to be rechargeable, because of the very strong bond between the aluminium and the oxygen atom in the electrolyte.We propose now a rechargeable battery where the aluminium ion is connected to the nitrogen atom of an imide which improves the redox potential by reducing the enthalpy of formation of the aluminium-nitrogen bond in the salt contained in the electrolyte.As there are no hydrogen ions in the electrolyte, we found that the addition of a lithium salt of an imide is necessary to improve the characteristics of the battery.Lithium does not participate in the redox process, it just transports the electric current. The cathode may be carbon or can be made of other metals.

The invention discloses biomass three-dimensional porous graphene and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the steps: uniformly mixing biomass powder with inorganic salt, performing high-temperature cracking reaction under the protection of inert gas, cooling to room temperature, washing an inorganic salt template with hot water of 90-100 DEG C, filtering, washing to recover molten salt, drying an obtained black solid product, and thus obtaining the biomass three-dimensional graphene. The three-dimensional porous graphene is prepared from the biomass material and thewater-soluble inorganic salt, and biomass cracking is catalyzed by the molten salt, so that the method has the characteristic of short high-temperature cracking time; in the cooling stage, nano or micron salt particles formed by recrystallization of molten salt are used as templates and pore-forming agents for carbon precipitation embedded into the molten salt, high-specific-surface-area three-dimensional graphene is precipitated on the surfaces of salt particles, the preparation process is simple and easy to implement, the preparation period of the three-dimensional graphene can be shortened,and the method is more environmentally friendly compared with a method for preparing graphene through an oxidation-reduction method.