The invention relates to an ion exchange waste water denitrification material and a preparation method thereof. A segmented copolymer containing a polyolefin acetal chain segment and a polyolefin sodium carboxylate chain segment is prepared from polyolefin alcohol and polyolefin sodium carboxylate which have low polymerization degree, as well as aldehydes, kieselguhr, kaolin, imvite and the like under the action of an initiator. The copolymer has sodium carboxylate groups, can be used as cation exchange resin, and performs the exchange with NH4<+> in waste water;and the roughness of the material can be increased by adding inorganic nanometer powder soil, and the specific surface area is increased to improve the hydrophily and affiliation capacity of microbes. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: dissolving the polyolefin alcohol and the polyolefin sodium carboxylate by using NaSCN solution, adding the initiator for polymerizing, adding a terminator and inorganic nanometer powder, stirring and mixing uniformly to prepare spinning solution, coagulating the spinning solution with inorganic salt solution in coagulating bath to form nascent fibers, performing post processing processes such as drawing, heat setting, acetalation, washing, drying and the like, and weaving to form a specific shape to obtain the required product. The material has the good mechanical strength, hydrophily, microbe affinity and ion exchange performance.