The invention relates to a printing and dyeing pretreatment process, which comprises the steps of cloth turning, sewing, singeing and low-temperature annealing, scouring and bleaching, and is characterized by comprising the following steps: washing to remove attachments on the cloth surface after the woven fabric is subjected to cloth turning, sewing and singeing treatment, padding the operating fluid after padder squeezing, and padding through a high liquid feeding padder; and piling at the temperature of 40-45 DEG C for 40-60 minutes, finishing annealing, scouring and bleaching pretreatment, and washing the reaction residues through hot water, wherein the process flow of the low-temperature annealing, scouring and bleaching comprises hot-water washing, cold-water washing, padding, soaking operating fluid, padding through the high liquid feeding padder, room temperature piling and hot-water washing. The printing and dyeing pretreatment process has the characteristics of high efficiency and good pretreatment effect, is low in fiber damage, high in quality of the treated fabric and soft in handfeel, and the pretreatment energy consumption can be greatly reduced, and the production period can be shortened; and moreover, the woven fabric is subjected to annealing, scouring and bleaching by piling at the low temperature of 40-45 DEG C for 40-60 minutes.