The invention relates to a preparation method of a small-grain SAPO-34 molecular sieve. The preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing an aluminum source and a phosphorus source with deionized water, stirring for 1-5 h, then adding a silicon source, an organic amine template agent R, an auxiliary template agent R' and an organic solvent A, continuously stirring for 1-5 h to obtain a gel, transferring the gel into a crystallization kettle, crystallizing for 12-108 h at the temperature of 160-220 DEG C to obtain a mixed liquor, filtering the mixed liquor to obtain a filter cake, washing the filter cake with deionized water, drying, and roasting to obtain an SAPO-34 molecular sieve. On the basis of using a conventional organic amine template agent, a small amount of auxiliary template agent R' and organic solvent A are added, and the cube-shaped SAPO-34 molecular sieve which is high in degree of crystallinity, regular in crystal form and 0.2 microns in grain size is successfully prepared through a hydrothermal crystallization method; moreover, the method is simple in procedures and easy to operate, the SAPO-34 molecular sieve has a great industrialization development prospect, and is expected to be used as a catalyst for preparing low-carbon olefinethrough methanol conversio and a catalyst for treating automobile exhaust.