The invention discloses an expandable biopolymer temporary plug profile control agent and a preparation method thereof. The expandable biopolymer temporary plug profile control agent is mainly prepared from biodegradation polymer, a reinforcing agent, a toughening agent, a foaming agent, a crosslinking agent, a water blocking agent, a coupling agent, a functional auxiliary and a carrying agent, and can be prepared through a double-screw extruder mixing method and a mixer mixing method under certain process conditions. The prepared expandable biopolymer temporary plug profile control agent is low in carbon, environmentally friendly, expandable, resistant to high temperature, high in plugging ratio, large in plugging strength, capable of achieving the self-plug-removal function, free of toxicity and pollution to stratums, low in cost and convenient to construct, and has very high economic value and broad market prospects.