70 results about "Chemical reaction kinetics" patented technology

Systems and methods of the present invention provide a calibration model that requires minimal information compared with prior techniques. These systems and methods represent the first generalized approach for combined treatment of spectroscopic measurements of a dynamic, mass-transfer system with the underlying kinetic model of said system. The technique can be applied to non-invasive glucose monitoring or monitoring of chemical reaction dynamics.

The invention relates to the technical field of aftertreatment of tail gas of automobiles, in particular to a model-based NOX emission monitoring method. The model-based NOX emission monitoring method comprises the following steps: respectively integrating an SCR downstream NOx mass flow rate model calculating value, an SCR downstream NOx actual mass flow rate and an SCR upstream NOx actual mass flow rate by using running time as an integrating range under the circumstance that an engine meets a monitoring enabling condition, wherein the SCR downstream NOx mass flow rate model calculating value can be obtained according to an SCR downstream NOx concentration model calculating value which is obtained by calculating through an SCR chemical reaction kinetic model, the SCR downstream NOx actual mass flow rate is obtained according to an SCR downstream NOx actual concentration value, and the SCR upstream NOx actual mass flow rate is obtained according to an SCR upstream NOx actual concentration value; after integrating for a period of time, calculating conversion efficiency deviation, and judging whether the conversion efficiency deviation is greater than a deviation limiting value or not; and if the conversion efficiency deviation is greater than the deviation limiting value, carrying out excessive emission fault alarming by using an OBD. Stability of NOx emission monitoring is improved, and false errors are reduced.

A method for establishing a river carp shelf life prediction model by using TBA is that the river carp shelf life prediction model is established by researching sensory evaluation on river carps at different temperatures and change of the TBA with storage time prolonging and utilizing an Arrhenius equation according to the TBA. The method is novel, operation is simple, the river carp shelf life prediction model can be obtained through substitution of a simple formula and calculation, a relative error of an obtained shelf life prediction value is within a range from -5% to +5%, and the accuracy is high. The zero-level chemical reaction kinetic is confirmed and selected by measuring the TBA change of the river carps at the different temperatures to reflect a river carp TBA change rule, and the method has sufficient reasonability and persuasion. Therefore, the method can be used for accurately predicting the remaining river carp shelf life and mastering and learning the quality condition and freshness of the river carps.

The invention discloses a photoelectrochemical kinetics test system and method based on a scanning electrochemical microscope. The system includes a scanning electrochemical microscope device, a Pt ultra microelectrode, a sample fixing device, a light source device and a rotary table control device. The scanning electrochemical microscope comprises a three-dimensional control device and an electrochemical workstation. The sample fixing device comprises a PTFE chemical tank and a fixed part. The light source device comprises a radiator, a DC power supply and red, yellow, blue and white LED light sources arranged on the edge of the radiator disc in order. The rotary table control device comprises a central processor, a disc with light through hole, a controller and a stepper motor. The invention can overcome the defect of insufficient information acquisition in the current solar cell and photoelectrocatalysis interfacial chemical reaction kinetics, quickly get accurate information of interfacial reaction kinetics, and provide strong experimental parameters for researching solar cells or photoelectrocatalysis water decomposition device.

The invention relates to a method and a system for simulating thermal runaway of a lithium ion battery, which belong to the technical field of lithium ion batteries and are characterized by comprisingthe following steps of: 1, testing thermal properties of a cathode material, an anode material and an electrolyte of the lithium ion battery by a differential scanning calorimetry; 2, calculating thepeak area of each heat absorption/release peak in the DSC curve obtained by the DSC test, and taking the average value of the peak areas of the DSC curve tested by the same material at different heating rates; 3, carrying out chemical reaction kinetic fitting on the DSC curves tested at different heating rates; 4, establishing the thermal model of the lithium ion battery by using COMSOL Multiphysics; 5, setting initial conditions and boundary conditions, dividing grids, and calculating, solving and simulating the thermal runaway process of the lithium ion battery; and 6, outputting a simulation result to obtain the temperature change condition of the lithium ion battery in the thermal runaway process and the reaction condition of the battery composition material.

The invention discloses a river crucian carp shelf life prediction method, by researches on sensory evaluation and K value change along with the extension of storage time of river crucian carp at different temperatures, a river crucian carp shelf life prediction model is established according to K value by use of Arrhenius equation, the method is novel and simple in operation, the river crucian carp shelf life prediction value can be calculated by substitution into a simple formula, the obtained the relative error of the river crucian carp shelf life prediction value is within +/-5%, and the accuracy is high. By measuring the K value change of the river crucian carp at different temperatures, corresponding quality energy level functions are analyzed, zero order chemical reaction kinetic is more suitable for reflecting the river crucian carp K value change rule, and is fully reasonable and persuasive, so that the method can be used to accurately predict the river crucian carp remaining shelf life, master and know the river crucian carp quality state and fresh degree.

The invention discloses a micro device for studying gas-solid intrinsic chemical reaction kinetics. The micro device comprises a weighing component, a reactor component, a bracket and a three-directional switching valve, wherein the weighing component comprises a computer, a data acquirer, a strain gage, a glass protecting cover and a metal wire hook; the reactor component comprises a hollow quartz glass reactor, a metal hoisting basket, a heating furnace, a hollow quartz connecting part, a gas collection bag, a thermocouple and a temperature control box. The invention further provides a modeling method using the micro device. The modeling method comprises the following steps: on the premise that the influence caused by flowing such as internal and external diffusion is eliminated, firstly, confirming the conversion rate of a gas reactant and the yield of a multi-component gas product, and finally with the combination of change of the mass of solid test samples in different time periods, acquiring a gas-solid intrinsic chemical reaction kinetics model. By adopting the micro device disclosed by the invention, the problems that a conventional thermogravimetry device is small in test sample amount, a product cannot be quantified, the influence caused by internal and external diffusion is hard to eliminate, and the like are overcome, and a novel method for studying the gas-solid intrinsic chemical reaction kinetics is developed.

The invention relates to the field of chemical grouting, and relates to a high polymer slurry parameter recognition method based on a swarm intelligence optimization algorithm, which comprises the following steps: assigning values to intelligent optimization algorithm parameters; generating a population according to an intelligent optimization algorithm rule, and assigning an initial value to eachindividual in the population, the optimization objective function value corresponding to the individual, the individual historical optimal value, the individual historical optimal objective functionvalue, the population historical optimal value, the population historical optimal objective function value and the current number of iterations; iterative solution is carried out; judging whether a predetermined number of operations are executed or whether the historical optimal objective function value of the group meets the precision requirement or not; recognizing chemical reaction kinetic parameters. According to the method, quick and accurate recognition of the chemical reaction kinetic parameters of the high polymer slurry under multiple synchronous chemical reaction conditions is realized by utilizing a swarm intelligence optimization algorithm.

The invention discloses a combinational logic circuit designing method based on chemical reaction kinetics. A truth table reflecting the logic relationship of input signals and output signals is obtained according to a set logic function; the truth table is partially mapped to a form chemical reaction network CRNs through a karnaugh map, thus realizing the set logic function; according to the method, partial mapping is carried out through the karnaugh map; the number of used chemical reaction equations is reduced without influencing the realized logic function; and the method has universality and is popular and easy to understand.

The invention relates to a method for determining reaction kinetic parameters of a lining and an interface of a solid propellant, belonging to technology for evaluating reliability of a lining of a rocket motor and an interface of a propellant. The method comprises the detection steps of sample preparation, condition selection, detection, data processing and evaluation analysis; a detection object is a tested sample of the lining or a propellant binder, an isocyanate group and a methylene group; the detection condition is a curing reaction of a binder system and a curing agent; and the detection process comprises the steps of detecting a measuring peak, a reference peak, absorbance, an absorbance ratio, an absorbance ratio in a starting period, and an absorbance ratio in a t period. According to the invention, a smear infrared spectroscopic transmission analytical method is adopted to detect bonding chemical reaction kinetics of the lining/propellant interface, and the impact degree of components of the propellant on the interface main reaction kinetics is qualitatively and quantitatively judged based on a curing reaction rate constant through data processing and evaluation analysis. The method also has the advantages of simplicity, convenience in operation, expense saving and accurate data.

The present invention relates to a boiling-bed flue gas desulfurizing method and desulfurizing equipment. It is characterized by that in the tubular absorber of the desulfurizing tower the light ball filler is filled, the flue gas containing SO2 can be divided at high speed and fed into the tubular absorber from the lower portion of the desulfurizing tower of boiling bed, the light ball filler can be sprayed by said flue gas and formed into boiling state, and can be contacted with mist droplet-shaped carbamide absorbent downwards sprayed from upper portion of desulfurizing tower so as to form gas-liquid-solid three phase mutural collision, so that the SO2 in the flue gas can be reacted with carbamide to form ammonium sulfate and the flue gas can be purified.

The invention provides a photoactivated single-molecular fluorescence microscope for biochemical reaction kinetics and a test method. The microscope comprises a sample table, a microscope object lens, an imaging laser transmitter, a camera and an activating laser transmitter. The upper surface of the sample table bears a photopermeable substrate, the sample table is provided with a through hole penetrating the upper and lower surfaces of the sample table, and the photopermeable substrate is covered on the through hole; the upper surface of the photopermeable substrate bears substance molecule A and substance molecule B which undergo a biochemical reaction when mutually contact. The microscope object lens is installed below the photopermeable substrate, and the camera is installed below the microscope object lens. A front lens face of the microscope object lens faces the lower surface of the photopermeable substrate, and an intersection point of the extending line of the principal axis of the microscope object lens and the upper surface of the photopermeable substrate is point o. An imaging laser beam transmitted by the imaging laser transmitter and an activating laser beam transmitted by the activating laser transmitter converge to form one light beam which is incident towards the point o at an incidence angle greater than a critical angle.

The invention relates to a risk analysis and risk evaluation method based on physical chemistry. The risk analysis and risk evaluation method based on the physical chemistry mainly solves the problem that risk analysis and risk evaluation methods close to process intrinsic safety are lacked at the early stage of projects in the prior art. According to the risk analysis and risk evaluation method based on the physical chemistry, an analytical method of the systematic physical chemistry is adopted, structures of substances are analyzed from the perspective of structural chemistry and substance risk recognition is carried out by the application of the structural chemistry; changes of a state function are calculated by means of a chemical thermodynamics method, and whether gain and loss of energy happen in a chemical reaction process is judged; the reaction mechanism, the reaction process, whether a reaction is easy to control and whether unexpected reactions can happen are analyzed through a chemical reaction kinetics method, and then risk recognition, risk analysis and risk evaluation are conducted on the basis of the analysis results. Safety protection measures needing to be adopted are put forward in the technical scheme, the problems are well solved, and the risk analysis and risk evaluation method based on the physical chemistry can be used for risk analysis and evaluation work at the early stage of the projects.

The invention aims to provide a natural gas-diesel dual-fuel layered combustion engine combustion control method based on reactivity control. Fuel gas single-time injection is adopted under the smallload, the multi-time injection strategy is adopted under the medium load, the fuel gas single-time injection strategy is adopted under the high load, and the timing and injection quantity of fuel gasinjection are flexibly adjusted according to the different loads. Diesel is pre-mixed through diesel large-advance-angle injection, active components are formed in a cylinder in the compression process, and the ignition starting point is controlled through ignition diesel injection, so that the dual-fuel engine layered combustion strategy based on chemical reaction kinetics activity control is achieved. According to fuel gas concentration distribution formed in the cylinder through the fuel gas injection strategies under the different loads, the timing and the injection quantity of diesel injection are reasonably matched, reasonable fuel oil and fuel gas coupling stratification is formed in the cylinder, and the optimal in-cylinder combustion effect is achieved under the different loads, so that efficient, stable and low-emission combustion of an engine is achieved.

The invention discloses a confirmation method for efficiently and harmlessly degrading SF6 waste gas through dielectric barrier discharge. The method comprises the following steps: building an experimental platform; acquiring discharge parameters and experiment parameters of SF6 degradation by using a DBD reactor of the experiment platform; carrying out gas distribution on background gas and SF6 gas; by adopting a control variable method, promoting SF6 forward decomposition experiment research to obtain optimal condition for decomposing SF6 ; analyzing the chemical reaction mechanism of the SF6 gas under discharge degradation by combining a density functional theory and chemical reaction kinetics; and establishing a physical model for degrading SF6 through dielectric barrier discharge according to various basic physical coefficients of the physical model. According to the invention, the SF6 gas is fully degraded through a dielectric barrier discharge SF6 degradation system, and products obtained after SF6 degradation are comprehensively detected and analyzed through an analysis and detection system, so that optimal degradation parameter configuration and degradation equipment configuration are obtained, the configuration is more scientific, and the degradation energy efficiency is higher.

The invention belongs to the technical field of chemical and spectral analysis and testing, and particularly discloses a dynamic absorbance quantitative analysis method based on an iodine-starch chromogenic system. The dynamic absorbance quantitative analysis method specifically comprises the steps: (1) at room temperature, respectively transferring a quantitative IO3-solution, a certain amount of starch and a certain amount of hydrochloric acid into a cuvette, and shaking evenly; (2) quickly transferring a certain quantity of reducing agents such as hydroxylamine hydrochloride, and immediately capping and shaking evenly; (3) measuring a dynamic value of system absorbance under a condition of 600nm wavelength; (4) obtaining a great value absorbance value Amax or a stoichiometric point absorbance value A'max by using a time-absorbance relation graph; (5) according to the steps (1)-(4) in the method, establishing a standard curve and measuring the concentration of an unknown solution IO3- by using the corresponding relationship of the initial concentration c of IO3- of the chromogenic system and the Amax or A'max. When being applied to the direct and indirect analysis of iodine amount, the dynamic absorbance quantitative analysis method has the advantages of easiness and convenience, accuracy, trace, rapidness, low price and the like, and also can be applied to the research on chemical reaction kinetics associated with the dynamic absorbance quantitative analysis method, thus having theory and application values.

Systems and methods for generating testable and quantifiable mass spectra predictions are disclosed. Generally, chemical compounds possess minute amounts of isotopes at locations within the molecule. These isotopes can affect chemical reaction kinetics and can be used to identify sources and/or information about the formation of a particular compound. Systems and methods herein obtain a chemical reaction network and chemical species and imposes constraints on the network based on chemical and reaction constants. A mass spectra is then calculated based on the reaction network, chemical species and chemical and reaction constants. A visualized mass spectra is then produced.

The invention discloses a plasma-assisted experimental platform for oxidation, pyrolysis and reforming of gas-liquid fuel. The platform comprises a gas inlet system, a reaction system, a power supply system, an exhaust system and a product detection system. The gas inlet system is provided with a liquid fuel pump and an evaporation tank which are used for liquid fuel sample injection and evaporation; the reaction system comprises a quartz flow tube with a double-layer dielectric barrier discharge structure and an electric heating furnace, and uniform, high-energy and high-density non-equilibrium plasma can be obtained at different temperatures; the power supply system can meet the requirements of various discharge forms; and a piston type negative pressure gas collecting device contained in the product detection system can meet the requirement for experiments in a negative pressure environment. The invention provides an experimental platform and method for plasma-assisted oxidation, pyrolysis and reforming in a wide pressure and temperature range and in various power supply forms, and is beneficial to the research of gas-liquid fuel about plasma-combustion chemical reaction kinetics and the development of related mechanisms.

The invention provides a method for evaluating an aging performance of an asphalt material and a method for evaluating an ageing property of an asphalt material, and relates to the technical field ofan engineering material. The method for evaluating the ageing property of the asphalt material tests rheological performance indexes of the material, draws a principal curve of the rheological performance indexes, and solves a displacement factor of the rheological performance indexes based on the principal curve. A qualitative relationship between the displacement factor, the temperature and a reaction activation energy is combined to obtain a relationship between the aging performance, the activation energy and a reaction rate. The activation energy in different aging states is inconsistent;the greater the activation energy, the lower a temperature sensitivity and the lower the aging performance; the greater the reaction rate in the different aging states, the less stable the rheological state of the material, and the lower the aging performance. The method for evaluating the ageing property of the asphalt material evaluates accurately the aging performance of the asphalt material by calculating chemical reaction kinetic parameters such as the activation energy, a pre-exponential factor and the reaction rate of the asphalt material in the different aging states.

The invention relates to the field of chemical grouting, and relates to a polymer slurry parameter identification method based on a particle swarm algorithm. The method comprises the following steps:preprocessing; initializing the speed, the position, the adaptive value, the individual historical optimal adaptive value, the individual historical optimal position, the group historical optimal adaptive value, the group historical optimal position and the current iteration frequency of each particle; carrying out iterative solution by a particle swarm algorithm; judging whether the preset numberof times of operation is executed or whether the historical optimal adaptive value of the group meets the precision requirement or not; identifying chemical reaction kinetic parameters. According tothe method, the chemical reaction kinetic parameters of the high polymer slurry can be quickly and efficiently identified by utilizing the particle swarm algorithm, and the obtained parameters are more accurate.

The invention belongs to the technical field of gas molecule recognition, and particularly relates to a metal organic framework/graphene composite structure and application thereof in recognizing gasmolecules. The metal organic framework/graphene composite structure is a composite structure with high transparency and conductivity, and is obtained by taking single-layer graphene as a template andepitaxially growing a metal organic framework according to a lattice symmetry matching principle; and an electronic chemical device designed on the basis of the material can recognize different gas molecules. The composite structure can monitor gas molecules in real time at the room temperature, and is high in sensitivity and wide in linear range of detection signals. The gas molecules can be further identified by fitting a gas molecule response curve through chemical reaction kinetics. The composite structure is integrated on a flexible transparent substrate, and the device is still kept stable after the composite structure is continuously folded for 200 times. The composite structure can be selected or modified according to different gas molecules so as to realize other selective recognition.

The invention provides a method for treating a vanadium-containing waste catalyst. The method comprises the following steps of, A) carrying out ball-milling on the deoiled waste catalyst to obtain a powdery waste catalyst; B) mixing the powdery waste catalyst to obtain a mixed material; C) granulating the mixed material, and drying to obtain mixed material particles; and D) cooling and solidifying the mixed material particles, and roasting in a fluidized bed furnace to obtain sodium modified clinker. According to the method, sodium salt roasting in the fluidized bed furnace is realized, the contact between a sodium salt additive and the vanadium-containing waste catalyst and the contact between cold solid particles and air are strengthened, the chemical reaction kinetic conditions of sodium salt roasting are improved, the leaching rate of vanadium in the sodium salt clinker is increased, and the vanadium leaching rate of the sodium salt clinker can reach 95% or above; the problems that the temperature of a rotary kiln is not easy to control and the rotary kiln is easy to knot are solved, and organization and implementation of production are facilitated; and during sodium salt roasting, self-heating generated by oxidation of carbon and sulfur in the waste catalyst is utilized, so that the production cost is reduced.

The invention belongs to the technical field of chemical reaction kinetics and relates to a calculating method for the dilution ratio of a reaction liquid while researching nucleation rate of ion crystallization reaction. The dilution ratio means the dilution ratio of a diluent to a mixed reaction liquid when no new crystal nucleus forms and no formed crystal nucleus dissolves under the conditionthat the diluent is used for diluting after crystal nucleus is generated by instantly isopyknic mixing a first reaction liquid with Aa+ ion concentration of CAa+ and a second reaction liquid with Bb-ion concentration of CBb- under a certain constant temperature. The calculating method comprises the following steps: (1) mixing equal volume of first reaction liquid and second reaction liquid undera certain constant temperature, and then measuring the concentrations CAa+equ and CBb-equ of Aa+ ions and Bb- ions in the mixed reaction liquid when dissolution-precipitation balance is achieved; (2)utilizing a formula to calculate the dilution ratio N. The calculating method provided by the invention can be utilized to calculate the dilution ratio of the appropriate mixed reaction liquid.