The invention provides a biological preparation method of gamma-aminobutyric acid, which comprises the following steps of: 1) preparing glutamic acid decarboxylase whole cell thallus by using an E. coli engineering strain capable of expressing glutamic acid decarboxylase; 2) using monosodium glutamate and concentrated hydrochloric acid to prepare L-glutamic acid; 3) dissolving L-glutamic acid as asubstrate in water, adding glutamic acid decarboxylase whole cell thallus and pyridoxal phosphate, stirring and reacting to obtain gamma-aminobutyric acid. The method uses water to replace buffer salt solution to form a water-phase reaction system, uses monosodium glutamate to replace high-purity glutamic acid, so that the purity of the gamma-aminobutyric acid is up to 97.7 percent, and the costof raw materials is reduced; whole cells used for catalysis can be produced in a large scale by microbial fermentation, the cost is low, and the source is wide; the biological enzyme-promoted catalytic reaction is a water-phase reaction, the enzymatic conversion condition is mild, the raw material conversion is thorough, the post-treatment is simple, the product is separated by adopting a method of evaporation concentration and natural crystallization, the cost is low, the process is environment-friendly, and the method is suitable for industrial production of gamma-aminobutyric acid.