The invention relates to a method for preparing aluminum oxide nano bars. The method prepares the aluminum oxide nano bars through adopting a biology polysaccharide assisted low-temperature combustion, and comprises the following steps: firstly, aluminium nitrate salt, organic fuel urea, biology polysaccharide and trace mineral supplements are weighted in proportion, the supplements include one or any combination of two of NaNO3, NaC1 and KC1, the de-ionized water is added, the mixture is ground to be a colloid, and the colloid is thermally treated for 0.5 to 1 hour at the temperature of 1050to 1080 DEG C after being ignited at the temperature of 400 to 450 DEG C to obtain an a-Al2O3 nano bar with the diameter of 15 nm to 25 nm, the length of 80 nm to 140 nm, and the slenderness ratio being 5 to 8. The invention has a simple and quick process, and is low in cost; and the prepared aluminum oxide nano bars can be widely applied in the fields such as nano ceramics, composite reinforcements, biomedical materials and the like.