The invention discloses a method of planting beet in saline-alkaline soil and improving soil and fertilizer conditions. The method comprises: adding saline-alkaline soil improving fertilizer, preparing a land, treating seeds, sowing the seeds, managing the field, and harvesting, wherein the saline-alkaline soil improving fertilizer comprises desulfurization gypsum, activated carbon, flyash, livestock excrement, zeolite, potassium feldspar, felt fiber, blast furnace slag particles, and a microbial agent in a weight ratio of (40-50):(10-14):(8-12):(8-12):(4-8):(4-8):(4-8):(4-6):(1-3). Accordingto the method, saline-alkaline soil is improved by taking measures, such as use of the saline-alkaline soil improving fertilizer and planting of beet, the survival rate and yield of beet are high, theimproving effect for the whole saline-alkaline soil is excellent, and the improving process is green and free of pollution. Therefore, the method is an application technique worthy of wide popularization.