The invention discloses a centrifugal compressor with a vibratory diffuser blade. The centrifugal compressor comprises an air incoming chamber, an impeller, a diffuser, a curve, a return flow device and a volute, the diffuser blade for diversion is arranged in the diffuser and connected with a partition through a diffuser blade rotating shaft, and a vibration exciter is connected with the diffuser blade through a transmission mechanism. When the vibration exciter works, vibration is generated and transmitted to the diffuser blade, and the diffuser blade vibrates around the diffuser blade rotating shaft and actively controls a flow field in the diffuser; or the diffuser blade is connected with an elastic element through the transmission mechanism, and when gas flows through the diffuser, the diffuser blade generates self-excited vibration to realize self-adaptive control on the flow field in the diffuser. In the constantly-changing flow field, the blade slightly vibrates around a rotating shaft, a runner is enabled to be capable of effectively adapt to flowing change, separation in flowing is reduced, energy loss is lowered, and overall performance of the diffuser is improved.