The invention belongs to the technical field of medicinal material planting, and particularly relates to an ecological cultivation method for intercropping fritillaria hupehensis and viciafaba, which comprises the following steps: S1, land selection and preparation; S2, seed selection and disinfection; S3, fertilizing and bedding; S4, transplanting; S5, field management; S6, timely harvesting. According to the method, the fritillaria hupehensis and viciafaba are intercropped, on one hand, viciafaba can shade the fritillaria hupehensis after growing tall and growing up, the fritillaria hupehensis can well develop and grow, the biological diversity is improved, and diseases, pests and weeds can be effectively reduced. On the other hand, the complementary effect of crop space and resource utilization can be achieved, the light and heat utilization efficiency of the overground part can be improved, the water and nutrient utilization efficiency of the underground part can be improved, and the planted viciafaba can bring extra economic benefits. Meanwhile, root nodules of viciafaba have high nitrogen fixation capacity, natural nitrogen fertilizer and other nutrients are provided for fritillaria hupehensis, and therefore investment of chemical fertilizer and basic fertilizer is reduced, infectious diseases are reduced, and the labor cost is lowered.