The invention utilizes a surface-enhanced raman spectroscopy to detect antibacterial drugs of furazolidone and furacilin. A method which adopts potassium chloroaurate to reduce sodium citrate is used for preparing aurosol; an acetone liquid which contains the furazolidone or the furacilin is mixed with the aerosol, the pH is regulated to 1.0-6.0, and a laser raman spectrometer with a laser light source of 785 nanometers is adopted to scan, so that a raman spectroscopy is obtained; 1611, 1560, 1488, 1472, 1397, 1343, 1260, 1173, 1022, 977, 806 and 775 centimeters <-1> are used as qualitative characteristic peaks for identifying the furazolidone, and 1602, 1554, 1456, 1336, 1162 and 966 centimeters <-l> are used as the qualitative characteristic peaks for identifying the furacilin; and moreover, the peaks of 1611centimeters <-1> and 1602 centimeters <-1> are respectively used for quantitatively determining the furazolidone and the furacilin. The method is convenient, quick, accurate and low in cost, and can be popularized and used in the fields food and drug testing.