The invention discloses a chromium-containing waste leather scrap treatment method. The method comprises the following steps: carrying out hydrolysis treatment on chromium-containing waste leather scraps serving as a raw material, and carrying out enzyme hydrolysis on the chromium-containing waste leather scraps by using protease; carrying out further hydrolysis on the chromium-containing waste leather scraps by using an acid solution to hydrolyze the chromium-containing waste scraps into collagen polypeptide molecules, wherein the acid solution is a mixture of an aqueous sulfuric acid solution and an aqueous lactic acid solution; then modifying the collagen polypeptide molecules with a modifier, wherein the modifier is consisting mixture of of 2,3-pyridinedioic anhydride, 7-chloro-2H-benzo[e][1,2,3,4]thiatriazine-1,1-dioxide and 4,4'-diamino-3,3'-biphenyl disulfonic acid, wherein the 7-chloro-2H-benzo[e][1,2,3,4]thiatriazine-1,1-dioxide is obtained by reacting 2-amino-5-chlorobenzenesulfonamide with tert-butyl nitrite; and performing treatment to process the chromium-containing waste leather scraps into a retanning filler. The retanning filler has a good tanning and retanning filling effect, and tanned leather is full, soft, good in elasticity and clear and fine in grain.