The invention discloses a smelting method for improving quality of 20CrMnTi gear steel continuous casting molten steel. The smelting method comprises the following steps that 1, 30% or above of molteniron is added into a LF refining electric furnace; 2, lime is added as a slag material, and it is guaranteed that in the whole smelting process of the electric furnace, foaming slag submerged arc operation is adopted; 3, the C content of the tapped molten steel is controlled to be greater than or equal to 0.05%, the P content of the tapped molten steel is controlled to be less than or equal to 0.010%, and the temperature is controlled to be higher than 1630 DEG C; 4, silicon and manganese alloy and medium carbon and chromium alloy are added to a steel ladle before tapping, and baking is conducted; 5, tapping side deoxidation is conducted; 6, the tapping time of a tapping hole of the electric furnace is controlled to be longer than 110 seconds; 7, after tapping is completed, argon gas blowing is quickly adjusted to soft blowing; and 8, the deoxidation rules are that aluminum residue balls and calcium carbide are added before tapping, and silicon-calcium-barium and aluminum-iron-steel are added after 20 tons of the molten steel is tapped, wherein the tapping time is 140+/-10 seconds. By means of the smelting method, the smelting process is optimized; chemical components, the aluminum content and deoxidation are strictly controlled, so that the smelting time of the refining furnace is shortened; quality of the molten steel and quality of a continuous casting blank are improved; and it is guaranteed that the continuous casting, purity, the grain size and the banded structure of the steel are all qualified.