31results about How to "Increased catalytic surface area" patented technology

The invention belongs to the technical field of functional concrete, and relates to a concrete material having a function of purifying gas-solid pollutants. The concrete material is characterized by being prepared from the components of cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, water, water reducing agent, photocatalyst, an alkali solution and retarder, wherein the cement is 260-530 kg/m<3>, the silica fume content is 0-10 wt% of the cement content, the fly ash content is 0-25 wt% of the cement content, and the slag content is 0-40 wt% of the cement content; the coarse aggregate is 255-850 kg/m<3>, and the sand ratio is 30-45%; the water is 155-220 kg/m<3>; the mixing amount of the water reducing agent accounts for 0.5-1.2% of the total weight of the cement; the photocatalyst is 5-25 g/m<2>; the retarder content accounts for 0.01-1.0% of the weight of the cement to be removed on the surface layer of the concrete; the photocatalyst is put into the alkali solution to prepare a mixture; and the concentration of the photocatalyst is 1-5 g/L. The concrete material prepared by the method has a function of purifying gas-solid pollutants.

The invention provides a preparation method of a self-supporting ferronickel layered double hydroxide sulfide electrocatalyst. The preparation method comprises the steps of pretreating original foamednickel to obtain purified foamed nickel; dissolving nickel nitrate hexahydrate, iron nitrate nonahydrate and urea into deionized water according to a preset proportion to obtain a mixed solution, wherein the concentration of cations in the mixed solution is 40-45 mmol/L, and the concentration of urea in the mixed solution is 130-150 mmol/L; carrying out primary hydrothermal reaction on the mixedsolution to obtain NiFe LDH/NF; putting the NiFe LDH/NF into a thioacetamide solution, and carrying out a secondary hydrothermal reaction to obtain NiFe LDH-Sx/NF, wherein x is any number from 1 to 8.According to the preparation method of the self-supporting ferronickel layered double hydroxide sulfide electrocatalyst provided by the invention, the electrocatalyst shows excellent oxygen evolutionreaction catalytic activity under an alkaline condition, a ferronickel double hydroxide nanosheet structure directly growing on foamed nickel is beneficial to electron transfer, the catalytic surfacearea is increased, and the catalytic active sites are improved, so that diffusion of oxygen evolution reaction is facilitated.

The invention discloses a method for preparing a TiC-TiO2 core-shell type nanometer material. The method comprises the following steps of: taking TiC nanometer grains as a precursor of a core-shell type nanometer material to be prepared; mixing the precursor with a dispersed material which is easily solved in a solvent in which the prepared nanometer grains cannot be solved; and preparing the core-shell type nanometer material compounds with different element proportion contents by controlling a reaction condition. The core-shell type nanometer material prepared according to the method provided by the invention is excellent in reproducibility; the process is simple and is easily controlled; and a noble metal catalyst can be loaded on the core-shell type nanometer material with excellent conductivity and oxidation corrosion resistance, so that the loaded capacity of the noble metal catalyst is reduced and the use ratio of the catalyst is increased.

The invention discloses an amorphous nickel-iron oxide nanometer sheet-shaped electrocatalysis material and preparation and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of electrochemistryenergy converting materials. The amorphous nickel-iron oxide nanometer sheet-shaped thin film material is synthesized in situ on a commercial foamed nickle matrix through a hydrothermal method, and the amorphous nickel-iron oxide nanometer sheet-shaped electrocatalysis material has the advantages of a high specific surface area and many catalytic active sites. The material is applied to a 1M potassium hydroxide solution for electrolysis of water, when the current density is 10 mA.cm<-2>, the overpotential required for oxygen evolution is 206-220 mV, and the performance of the material is better than that of most currently-reported anodic oxygen evolution catalysis materials. Besides, the related preparing technology is simple, raw materials are rich and cheap, the material can replace a precious-metal-based catalyst which is expensive and scarce, and large-scale industrial application of electrolyzed water is promoted.

A catalyzed burner is operative to combust an anode exhaust stream from a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell power plant. The catalysts coated onto the burner can be platinum, rhodium, palladium, or mixtures thereof. The burner includes open cells which are formed by a lattice, which cells communicate with each other throughout the entire catalyzed burner. The burner is able to combust hydrogen in the anode exhaust stream. The catalyzed burner has a high surface area wherein about 70-90% of the volume of the burner is preferably open pores, and the burner has a low pressure drop of about two to three inches water from the anode exhaust stream inlet to the anode exhaust stream outlet. The burner assembly operates at essentially ambient pressure and at a temperature of up to about 1,700° F. (927° C.). The burner can combust anode exhaust during normal operation of the fuel cell assembly. The burner is not adversely affected by gasoline, gasoline combustion products, or anode bypass gas, the latter of which is a reformed fuel gas which is tapped off of the fuel cell stack fuel inlet line.

Fischer-Tropsch synthesis is performed using a compact catalytic reactor unit (10) defining channels in which is a gas-permeable catalyst structure (16), the channels extending between headers (18). The synthesis occurs in at least two stages, as the reactor unit provides at least two successive channels (14, 14a) for the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis connected by a header, the gas flow velocity through the first channel being sufficiently high that no more than 65% of the carbon monoxide undergoes conversion. The gases are cooled (25) in the header between the two stages, so as to condense water vapor, and then pass through the second channel at a sufficiently high gas flow velocity that no more than 65% of the remaining carbon monoxide undergoes conversion. This lowers the partial pressure of water vapor and so suppresses oxidation of the catalyst.

The invention discloses a method capable of photocatalytically degrading dyes to prepare copper-loaded nano titanium dioxide chitosan composite microspheres in a microfluidic mode. The method comprises the steps: adding a tetrabutyl titanate solution into an acid solution, mixing to form nano titanium dioxide gel, utilizing an organic solvent to mixing the nano titanium dioxide gel with amine terminated hyperbranched polymer to obtain mixed liquor, then adding a copper ion solution into the mixed liquor, drying to obtain copper-loaded nano titanium dioxide powder, adding the copper-loaded nanotitanium dioxide powder and chitosan into the acid solution to be mixed to obtain a dispersion phase, mixing sorbitan fatty acid ester with a hydrocarbon mixture to obtain a continuous phase, mixingthe dispersion phase with the continuous phase in a microfluidic mode and drying to obtain the copper-loaded nano titanium dioxide chitosan composite microspheres. According to the method disclosed bythe invention, the composite microspheres are prepared in the microfluidic mode, so that a material utilization rate is high; the microspheres have large self catalyzing surface areas and high catalytic activity, can effectively reduce dye concentration, reduce toxic components in dye wastewater and protect environment and water resources.

The invention discloses a core-shell nano-composite material and its preparation method. The composite material is formed by compounding ammonium perchlorate (AP) and a nano-metal oxide which accounts for 0.1-10% by mass. The preparation comprises: (1) dissolving a metal salt in ethyl acetate, and conducting ultrasonic oscillation to make it fully dissolved so as to obtain a metal salt solution, in which the molar concentration of the metal salt is 0.0004-0.04mol/L; (2) adding ammonium perchlorate into the metal salt solution in an undissolved state, and carrying out stirring at room temperature so as to make the ammonium perchlorate dispersed uniformly; (3) using an alkaline solution with an OH<-> ion concentration of 0.1-1mol/L for titration at a constant speed so as to make the metal ions in the metal salt converted to a precipitate completely; and (4) filtering the obtained precipitate and conducting washing, and drying the obtained powder, thus obtaining the core-shell nano-composite material. The metal salt can be ZnCl2, FeCl3, Co(NO3)2.6H2O or CuCl2. In the invention, the dispersion problem of a nano-oxide catalyst in AP is solved; an oxide catalyst is generated on AP in situ, and the oxide content is adjustable; the nano-composite material of the invention has self-catalysis property, and the catalysis effect is substantial.

The invention discloses a method for preparing biodiesel by catalyzing vector-free immobilized lipase in an ionic liquid system. The method comprises the following two steps: (1) preparing vector-free immobilized lipase; and (2) preparing the biodiesel by catalyzing the prepared vector-free immobilized lipase in the ionic liquid system. The prepared vector-free immobilized lipase is high in activity and free of high-cost vectors; an ionic liquid medium is used as an immobilized enzyme for preparing the biodiesel; the stability and the stereoselectivity of substrates of the enzyme can be obviously improved; the problem of the enzyme poisoning caused by methyl alcohol and glycerol can also be avoided; the efficient catalysis of the enzyme is ensured; the yield of the biodiesel is greatly increased; the immobilized enzyme and the ionic liquid used in the method can be recycled and reused; the waste of resources is avoided; the production cost is reduced; the method has a good industrial application prospect.

The invention discloses a method for treating sludge by microwave enhanced wet-type catalytic oxidation. The method comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing the sludge with an oxidizing agent and a catalyst, then introducing the mixture into a microwave reactor for heating and catalytic degradation, finally separating by using a three-phase separator to obtain green sludge, and recycling the catalyst. The preparation method is simple, and the preparation device is reasonable in arrangement, the sludge is decomposed in a microwave heating mode, the decomposition efficiency is high, the environmental pollution is reduced, and good practicability is achieved.

The invention discloses a method capable of photocatalytically degrading dyes to prepare a silver-loaded nano titanium dioxide PVP fiber in a microfluidic mode. The method comprises the steps: addinga tetrabutyl titanate solution into an acid solution, mixing to form nano titanium dioxide gel, utilizing an organic solvent to mixing the nano titanium dioxide gel with amine terminated hyperbranchedpolymer to obtain mixed liquor, then adding a silver ion solution into the mixed liquor, drying to obtain silver-loaded nano titanium dioxide powder, mixing the silver-loaded nano titanium dioxide powder with PVP powder in the organic solvent to obtain a microfluidic spinning solution and spinning the microfluidic spinning solution into the silver-loaded nano titanium dioxide PVP fiber in a microfluidic mode. Catalytic fiber preparation in the method disclosed by the invention has a high material utilization rate, and the fiber has a large self catalyzing surface area and high catalytic activity, can effectively reduce dye concentration, can reduce toxic components in dye wastewater and can protect environment and water resources.

The invention relates to a method for synthesizing a cobalt-doped ferronickel mesh nanosheet array efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst and application. The invention aims to solve the problem thatthe existing commercial hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction catalyst is noble metal, high in price, poor in stability and limited in industrial application and the problem that the existing cheap ferronickel catalyst is complex in synthesis process, high in cost and single in catalytic performance and large-scale synthesis and application of the catalyst is thus seriously restricted. A simple two-pot hydrothermal method is adopted. Firstly, foamed nickel is pretreated, and then the pretreated foamed nickel is immersed into a nickel-iron salt solution, taken out after a hydrothermal reaction is conducted for a period of time, immersed into a cobalt salt solution for a hydrothermal reaction, taken out and dried to obtain the cobalt-doped ferronickel mesh nanosheet arrayefficient bifunctional electrocatalyst. The synthesis method is simple, convenient, low in cost, low in equipment requirement, capable of achieving large-scale production and suitable for industrialapplication. According to the method, the cobalt-doped ferronickel mesh nanosheet array efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst can be obtained.

The invention discloses a one-dimensional and two-dimensional hybrid structure self-supporting material for a positive electrode of a lithium air battery and a preparation method of the one-dimensional and two-dimensional hybrid structure self-supporting material. The method comprises: immersing the carbon nanotube sponge subjected to hydrophilic treatment into a precursor solution of hydroxide, and shaking to enable the solution to fully infiltrate the sponge; transferring the solution and the sponge into a reaction kettle for hydrothermal reaction; and after the reaction is finished, taking out the sponge, washing, and freeze-drying to obtain the one-dimensional carbon nanotube and two-dimensional hydroxide hybridized composite self-supporting material. When the material is used for a self-supporting positive electrode of a lithium air battery, high-capacity and long-cycle electrochemical performance can be realized at the same time.

The invention discloses a synthesis method of alkyl (meth) acrylate, and belongs to the field of organic chemical synthesis. The synthesis method comprises the following steps: putting a heterogeneous solid acid catalyst, a polymerization inhibitor and (methyl) acrylic acid into a reaction kettle, heating to 50-90 DEG C, and introducing epoxide into the reaction kettle for reaction; and after the reaction is finished, preserving heat and curing, filtering reaction liquid to remove the heterogeneous solid acid catalyst, and rectifying to obtain a target product. The synthesis method provided by the invention not only can improve the selectivity of the target product alkyl (meth) acrylate, but also can effectively inhibit the generation of a by-product high-boiling-point diester generated by addition of bis (meth) acrylic acid, effectively ensures the product quality, reduces the material loss caused by polymerization in the subsequent purification process, and reduces the potential safety hazard.

The invention discloses a solar electro-catalytic oxidation advanced sewage treatment device, comprising a conductive counter electrode, a water outlet pipe, a sealed insulating cylinder, an oxidativetubular porous electrode with catalytic performance, a water inlet pipe, a storage battery and a solar panel, wherein the conductive counter electrode is connected to the top of the sealed insulatingcylinder; the oxidative tubular porous electrode with catalytic performance and the water inlet pipe are connected to the bottom of the sealed insulating cylinder; the inner end of the conductive counter electrode is inserted into a pipe of the oxidative tubular porous electrode with catalytic performance; the water outlet pipe is arranged on the side wall of the upper part of the sealed insulating cylinder; the storage battery and the solar panel form a power module. According to the invention, a catalytic specific surface area can be effectively increased, mass transfer effect is enhanced,and treatment efficiency is improved; and the power module has the characteristics of energy conservation, consumption reduction, cleanness and environmental protection. The solar electro-catalytic oxidation advanced sewage treatment device is especially suitable for advanced treatment of degradation-resistant industrial sewage.

The invention discloses a method for coating a nano metal oxide catalyst precursor on ammonium perchlorate surface, which comprises the following steps: (1) adding a catalyst precursor into a solvent, and completely dissolving by stirring while controlling the temperature, thereby obtaining a catalyst precursor solution; (2) adding ammonium perchlorate into the catalyst precursor solution, wherein the ammonium perchlorate is insoluble in the catalyst precursor solution, and keeping stirring to uniformly disperse the ammonium perchlorate; (3) changing the temperature, reacting for some time, and stopping stirring to obtain the product; and (4) filtering the product, and drying to obtain the nano composite material. The catalyst precursor can be Co(NO3)2.6H2O, KMnO4, Cu(NO3)2.3H2O, Fe(NO3)3.9H2O or Zn(CH3COO)2.3H2O; and the solvent is ethyl acetate, ethanol or acetone. The invention solves the problem of dispersity of the nano oxide catalyst in AP (ammonium perchlorate); the method is simple and stable, and is accurate for control and simple to operate; the oxide catalyst can be generated in situ on the AP, and has obvious autocatalysis effect; and the method can be combined with a rocket propellant preparation technique to simplify the catalyst dispersion technique.